Rakouth Hasina N, Andriambololonera Sylvie, Rakouth Bakolimalala, Phillipson Peter B, Lowry Ii Porter P, Wilding Nicholas
Plant Biology and Ecology Department, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Research and Conservation Program Antananarivo Madagascar.
Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Research and Conservation Program, B.P. 3391, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar University of Antananarivo Antananarivo Madagascar.
PhytoKeys. 2025 Mar 4;253:103-132. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.253.134319. eCollection 2025.
In 2013, all populations of the precious wood genera (Fabaceae) and (Ebenaceae) from Madagascar were placed on CITES Appendix II in an effort to combat unsustainable and illicit over-exploitation and illegal exportation for the international market. The accompanying Action Plan adopted by CITES identified several information and capacity gaps, which undermine the sustainable and equitable management of these valuable resources. These gaps include the lack of practical, reliable tools to identify species along the entire value chain, from standing trees to cut wood and finished products. To address this need, we developed simple, user-friendly, multi-access keys for the two genera in Madagascar using the Lucid application. This new tool provides highly accurate identification of standing and felled trees to assist actors in the forestry, regulatory, and natural resource management sectors, including customs officials and law enforcement authorities as well as conservationists and protected area managers. In this paper, we focus on the development of the identification tool. This interactive, electronic key employs 109 informative characters, including morphological features, emphasizing vegetative structures such as bark, stems, and leaves that are present even in the absence of flowers and fruits, in conjunction with eco-geographic characters (bioclimate, elevation, and geography). The key is supplemented with photos, illustrations, and a comprehensive glossary, to deliver accurate identification of the 88 species that are large enough to be potential sources of commercially valuable ebony wood (≥ 20 cm DBH and/or ≥ 20 m height). This is the first use of Lucid to develop an identification key for species in Madagascar, paving the way for its application to other taxa for which practical electronic field identification is needed.
2013年，马达加斯加的珍贵木材属（豆科）和（柿科）的所有种群都被列入《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录二，以打击不可持续和非法的过度开发以及面向国际市场的非法出口。《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》通过的相关行动计划指出了若干信息和能力差距，这些差距破坏了对这些宝贵资源的可持续和公平管理。这些差距包括缺乏实用、可靠的工具来识别从立木到锯材和成品的整个价值链上的物种。为满足这一需求，我们利用Lucid应用程序为马达加斯加的这两个属开发了简单、用户友好的多重检索表。这个新工具能高度准确地识别立木和伐倒木，以协助林业、监管和自然资源管理部门的相关人员，包括海关官员和执法当局以及保护主义者和保护区管理人员。在本文中，我们重点介绍这种识别工具的开发。这个交互式电子检索表使用了109个信息特征，包括形态特征，尤其强调即使在没有花和果实的情况下也存在的营养结构，如树皮、茎和叶，同时结合生态地理特征（生物气候、海拔和地理）。该检索表配有照片、插图和全面的术语表，以便准确识别88种足够大、有可能成为商业上有价值乌木潜在来源的物种（胸径≥20厘米和/或高度≥20米）。这是首次使用Lucid为马达加斯加的物种开发识别检索表，为其应用于其他需要实用电子野外识别的分类群铺平了道路。
