Sun Qi, Gu Xue-Jia, Wang Yu-Feng, Gao Hong-Sheng, Wang Xiao-Jun, Chen Xue-Li, Sun Si-Miao
Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation & Utilization, Harbin, China.
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Northeast Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Feb 26;16:1493357. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1493357. eCollection 2025.
An increase in the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere causes global warming, and >14% of all GHG emissions come from agricultural activities. The three primary atmospheric GHGs are CO, CH, and NO; therefore, regulating GHG emissions from agroecosystems is important for global climate management. Straw return is an environmentally friendly agricultural practice that positively affects crop production and soil fertility. However, its effects on long-term GHG emissions remain controversial.
To examine the impact of straw return on GHG emissions from Chinese maize fields, 281 data pairs from 45 publications were assessed using a data meta-analysis.
The findings demonstrated substantial increases in CO and NO emissions of 140 and 40%, respectively. Methane emissions increased by 3% after straw return, and the maximum effect value of CO emissions was 2.66 at nitrogen rates<150 kg/hm. The effect value of CH emissions increased with an decrease in soil organic content, and the effect value of CH emissions changed from negative to positive at concentrations >6 g/kg. With a nitrogen rate increase, NO emission effects under straw return initially increased and then decreased. NO emissions increased significantly when nitrogen rates were<250 kg/hm. The results of a random forest model showed that the most important factor affecting CO and NO emissions from corn fields under straw return was the amount of nitrogen applied, and the most important factor affecting CH emissions from corn fields under straw return was soil organic carbon content.
This shows that a suitable straw return can achieve the mutually beneficial goal of guaranteeing food security and minimizing adverse effects on the environment.
大气中温室气体（GHG）含量的增加导致全球变暖，所有温室气体排放的14%以上来自农业活动。三种主要的大气温室气体是二氧化碳（CO₂）、甲烷（CH₄）和氧化亚氮（N₂O）；因此，调节农业生态系统的温室气体排放对全球气候管理至关重要。秸秆还田是一种环境友好型农业实践，对作物生产和土壤肥力有积极影响。然而，其对长期温室气体排放的影响仍存在争议。
为了研究秸秆还田对中国玉米田温室气体排放的影响，使用数据荟萃分析评估了来自45篇出版物的281对数据。
研究结果表明，二氧化碳和氧化亚氮排放量分别大幅增加了140%和40%。秸秆还田后甲烷排放量增加了3%，在施氮量<150千克/公顷时，二氧化碳排放的最大效应值为2.66。甲烷排放的效应值随着土壤有机含量的降低而增加，在浓度>6克/千克时，甲烷排放的效应值从负变为正。随着施氮量的增加，秸秆还田下氧化亚氮排放效应先增加后降低。当施氮量<250千克/公顷时，氧化亚氮排放量显著增加。随机森林模型的结果表明，影响秸秆还田下玉米田二氧化碳和氧化亚氮排放的最重要因素是施氮量，影响秸秆还田下玉米田甲烷排放的最重要因素是土壤有机碳含量。
这表明合适的秸秆还田可以实现保障粮食安全和最大限度减少对环境不利影响的互利目标。
