Xin Yan, Ma Qiji, Deng Qiang, Wang Tielin, Wang Dongxu, Wang Gang
Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Feb 26;16:1521388. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1521388. eCollection 2025.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly malignant tumor in women, characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and recurrence rates. Although surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are the mainstays of current treatment methods, the high heterogeneity of TNBC results in unsatisfactory outcomes with low 5-year survival rates. Rapid advancements in omics technology have propelled the understanding of TNBC molecular biology. The emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics (ST) has significantly enhanced knowledge of tumor heterogeneity and the distribution, functionality, and intercellular interactions of various cell types within the tumor microenvironment, including tumor cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. The present study provides an overview of the technical characteristics of scRNA-seq and ST, highlighting their applications in exploring TNBC heterogeneity, cell spatial distribution patterns, and intercellular interactions. This review aims to enhance the comprehension of TNBC at the cellular level for the development of effective therapeutic targets.
三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC）是女性中一种高度恶性的肿瘤，其特征在于高发病率、死亡率和复发率。尽管手术治疗、放疗和化疗是当前治疗方法的主要手段，但TNBC的高度异质性导致治疗效果不尽人意，5年生存率较低。组学技术的快速发展推动了对TNBC分子生物学的认识。单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）和空间转录组学（ST）的出现显著增强了对肿瘤异质性以及肿瘤微环境中各种细胞类型（包括肿瘤细胞、T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞）的分布、功能和细胞间相互作用的了解。本研究概述了scRNA-seq和ST的技术特征，突出了它们在探索TNBC异质性、细胞空间分布模式和细胞间相互作用方面的应用。这篇综述旨在增强在细胞水平上对TNBC的理解，以开发有效的治疗靶点。
