Saeed Abdullah Farhan
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Cells. 2025 May 19;14(10):741. doi: 10.3390/cells14100741.
Tumor-associated macrophages' (TAMs) origin, polarization, and dynamic interaction in the tumor microenvironment (TME) influence cancer development. They are essential for homeostasis, monitoring, and immune protection. Cells from bone marrow or embryonic progenitors dynamically polarize into pro- or anti-tumor M2 or M1 phenotypes based on cytokines and metabolic signals. Recent advances in TAM heterogeneity, polarization, characterization, immunological responses, and therapy are described here. The manuscript details TAM functions and their role in resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Similarly, TAM-targeted approaches, such as CSF-1R inhibition or PI3Kγ-driven reprogramming, are discussed to address anti-tumor immunity suppression. Furthermore, innovative biomarkers and combination therapy may enhance TAM-centric cancer therapies. It also stresses the relevance of this distinct immune cell in human health and disease, which could impact future research and therapies.
肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）在肿瘤微环境（TME）中的起源、极化及动态相互作用会影响癌症发展。它们对于体内平衡、监测及免疫保护至关重要。来自骨髓或胚胎祖细胞的细胞会根据细胞因子和代谢信号动态极化为促肿瘤或抗肿瘤的M2或M1表型。本文介绍了肿瘤相关巨噬细胞在异质性、极化、表征、免疫反应及治疗方面的最新进展。该手稿详细阐述了肿瘤相关巨噬细胞的功能及其在抵抗程序性死亡蛋白1（PD-1）/程序性死亡受体配体1（PD-L1）阻断中的作用。同样，还讨论了以肿瘤相关巨噬细胞为靶点的方法，如集落刺激因子1受体（CSF-1R）抑制或磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶γ（PI3Kγ）驱动的重编程，以解决抗肿瘤免疫抑制问题。此外，创新的生物标志物和联合治疗可能会增强以肿瘤相关巨噬细胞为中心的癌症治疗。它还强调了这种独特免疫细胞在人类健康和疾病中的相关性，这可能会影响未来的研究和治疗。
