Duan Haiwen, Gao Riping, Liu Xiaoyue, Zhang Lanying, Wang Yongqing, Jia Xiaoqing, Wang Xuejiao, Zheng Shiran, Jing Yupeng
Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming, Hohhot, 010031, China.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Apr;380:124917. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124917. Epub 2025 Mar 12.
Organic amendments are fundamental strategies for the sustainable reclamation of saline-alkaline soils. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of different fertilization regimes, applied individually or in combination, on biotic and abiotic factors remain inadequately understood. This study conducted an 8-year (2016-2023) field experiment in the Hetao Irrigation District of China to evaluate the effects of five fertilization regimes on soil salinity-alkalinity, nutrient dynamics, microbial communities, and sunflower yield. Five fertilization treatments, namely a non-fertilization control (CK), chemical fertilization alone (CF), chemical fertilization with straw return (CFS), chemical fertilization with manure (CFM), and chemical fertilization with both straw return and manure (CFSM) were conducted. The results showed that the CFSM treatment outperformed other regimes by significantly reducing soil pH (0.27), total salt content (26.1%), and alkalinity (14.5%) while increasing soil organic carbon (6.2%), total nitrogen (17.4%), available nitrogen (80.3%), phosphorus (136.0%), and potassium (31.6%). The CFSM treatment also optimized the microbial community, enriching carbon-loving microbial populations (e.g., MND1, Lysobacter, and Gemmatimonas) and reducing soil-borne fungal pathogen (e.g., Fusarium, Plectosphaerella, Metarhizium, and Alternaria). After 8 years, sunflower yield under CFSM increased by 49.4% compared to CK. Pathway analysis revealed that the CF strategy showed limited efficacy, as soil salinity and alkalinity suppressed NPK levels, negatively impacting fungal communities and crop yield. The CFS and CFM strategies mitigated the negative effects of salinity and alkalinity to varying degrees, with CFM exhibiting a more pronounced positive impact on fungal communities through SOC-mediated regulation of NPK. The CFSM strategy demonstrated the most significant multi-factor synergistic effects, mitigating the inhibitory effects of salinity and alkalinity while enhancing the regulation of NPK by SOC, resulting in improved fungal community structure and nutrient availability, ultimately maximizing sunflower yield. This study highlights the importance of integrating straw, manure, and chemical fertilizers for sustainable saline soil management and productivity.
有机改良剂是盐碱地可持续改良的基本策略。然而，单独或组合施用不同施肥制度对生物和非生物因素影响的潜在机制仍未得到充分理解。本研究在中国河套灌区进行了为期8年（2016 - 2023年）的田间试验，以评估五种施肥制度对土壤盐碱化、养分动态、微生物群落和向日葵产量的影响。进行了五种施肥处理，即不施肥对照（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、秸秆还田化肥配施（CFS）、有机肥化肥配施（CFM）以及秸秆还田与有机肥化肥配施（CFSM）。结果表明，CFSM处理在显著降低土壤pH值（0.27）、总盐含量（26.1%）和碱度（14.5%）的同时，提高了土壤有机碳（6.2%）、全氮（17.4%）、有效氮（80.3%）、磷（136.0%）和钾（31.6%），优于其他处理。CFSM处理还优化了微生物群落，富集了嗜碳微生物种群（如MND1、溶杆菌属和芽单胞菌属），并减少了土传真菌病原体（如镰刀菌属、盘梗孢属、绿僵菌属和链格孢属）。8年后，CFSM处理下的向日葵产量比CK增加了49.4%。通径分析表明，CF策略效果有限，因为土壤盐碱化抑制了氮磷钾水平，对真菌群落和作物产量产生负面影响。CFS和CFM策略在不同程度上减轻了盐碱化的负面影响；CFM通过SOC介导的氮磷钾调节对真菌群落表现出更显著的积极影响。CFSM策略表现出最显著的多因素协同效应，减轻了盐碱化的抑制作用，同时增强了SOC对氮磷钾的调节，改善了真菌群落结构和养分有效性，最终使向日葵产量最大化。本研究强调了整合秸秆、有机肥和化肥对于盐碱地可持续管理和生产力的重要性。
