Yi Chenlong
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, No. 368 Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.
Division of Human Genetics and Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Thromb J. 2025 Mar 14;23(1):24. doi: 10.1186/s12959-025-00707-x.
Coronary sinus thrombosis (CST) is a rare and severe disease that remains underrecognized in clinical practice. Most documented cases fall within the acute category, with non-specific symptoms, rapid progression, and a high mortality rate. In contrast, some cases follow an insidious course, leading to the formation of partial or incomplete thrombi that may not cause immediate death but can progress to severe complications over time. This review study the pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnostic challenges, and the association with persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC), emphasizing the utility of imaging modalities such as Echocardiography, Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Venography. For management, anticoagulation remains the cornerstone of treatment for CST, with surgical thrombectomy reserved for severe or refractory cases. Post-treatment follow-up is highlighted as essential for monitoring recurrence and managing complications. In brief, the aim of this review is to enhance the understanding of CST and improve clinical outcomes through early recognition, tailored interventions, and multidisciplinary care.
冠状窦血栓形成（CST）是一种罕见且严重的疾病，在临床实践中仍未得到充分认识。大多数有记录的病例属于急性类型，症状不具特异性，进展迅速，死亡率高。相比之下，一些病例病程隐匿，导致部分或不完全血栓形成，可能不会立即导致死亡，但随着时间推移可能进展为严重并发症。本综述研究了其病理生理学、临床表现、诊断挑战以及与永存左上腔静脉（PLSVC）的关联，强调了超声心动图、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和静脉造影等成像方式的实用性。对于治疗，抗凝仍然是CST治疗的基石，手术取栓术仅适用于严重或难治性病例。强调治疗后随访对于监测复发和处理并发症至关重要。简而言之，本综述的目的是通过早期识别、针对性干预和多学科护理来增强对CST的理解并改善临床结果。
