Villasis-Keever Miguel Á, Rizzoli-Córdoba Antonio, Mares-Serratos Blanca B, Falcón-Millán Karla E, Vargas-Ávila Edwin O, Delaflor-Wagner Christian A, Aceves-Villagrán Daniel, Reyes-Morales Hortensia, A García-Aranda José
Evidence Analysis and Synthesis Research Unit, Pediatrics Hospital, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City.
Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2025;82(Supl 1):66-72. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.25000004.
Malnutrition is a risk factor for childhood development disorders. Although undernutrition is recognized as a public health problem, the impact of overweight/obesity on childhood development remains unknown. The objective is to determine the effects of undernutrition, overweight, and obesity on development in children aged between 1 and 59 months in rural/urban areas of Mexico.
The Childhood Development Evaluation (EDI, for its acronym in Spanish) test was administered to children 1-59 months of age who visited primary care units in Guanajuato State, Mexico, between 2013 and 2015. The World Health Organization classification (weight/height ratio) was used for nutritional status. Logistic regression adjusted by sex, age, rural/urban, and level of marginalization, used to calculate odds ratios (OR) to stablish the association between nutritional status and developmental outcomes.
34,972 participants were included. 50.3% were male, 39.5% had a very low level of marginalization, 58.6% lived in urban areas, and 55.0% were beneficiaries of a conditional cash transfer program. Age distribution: 31.9% between 1 and 12 months old; 17.5% between 13 and 24 months old; 16.3% between 25 and 36 months old; and 34.3% between 37 and 59 months old. Overall 85.8% of participants had normal nutritional status, whereas 9.1% were identified as malnourished, and 5.0% were classified as overweight or obese. 79.1% had typical development. The OR for atypical development was 1.820 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.671-1.981) for mild undernutrition; 2.796 (95% CI: 2.195-3.562) for moderate undernutrition; 14.903 (95% CI: 8.149-27.257) for severe undernutrition; and 1.160 (95% CI: 1.030-1.307) for overweight/obesity.
Undernutrition and overweight/obesity are factors that increase the risk of developmental problems in children < 5 years of age.
营养不良是儿童发育障碍的一个风险因素。尽管营养不足被视为一个公共卫生问题，但超重/肥胖对儿童发育的影响仍不明确。目的是确定营养不足、超重和肥胖对墨西哥农村/城市地区1至59个月大儿童发育的影响。
对2013年至2015年间前往墨西哥瓜纳华托州初级保健单位就诊的1至59个月大儿童进行儿童发育评估（EDI，西班牙语首字母缩写）测试。采用世界卫生组织分类（体重/身高比）来评估营养状况。通过性别、年龄、农村/城市以及边缘化程度进行逻辑回归调整，用于计算优势比（OR）以确定营养状况与发育结果之间的关联。
纳入34,972名参与者。50.3%为男性，39.5%的边缘化程度非常低，58.6%居住在城市地区，55.0%是有条件现金转移支付计划的受益者。年龄分布：1至12个月大的占31.9%；13至24个月大的占17.5%；25至36个月大的占16.3%；37至59个月大的占34.3%。总体而言，85.8%的参与者营养状况正常，而9.1%被确定为营养不良，5.0%被归类为超重或肥胖。79.1%发育正常。轻度营养不足时非典型发育的OR为1.820（95%置信区间[95%CI]，1.671 - 1.981）；中度营养不足时为2.796（95%CI：2.195 - 3.562）；重度营养不足时为14.903（95%CI：8.149 - 27.257）；超重/肥胖时为1.160（95%CI：1.030 - 1.307）。
营养不足和超重/肥胖是增加5岁以下儿童发育问题风险的因素。
