CONACYT - Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
Health and Nutrition Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Aug;23(S1):s77-s88. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004725. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
To compare the prevalence of malnutrition (undernutrition and excess weight) by wealth, education level, ethnicity and urban/rural areas in Mexican children and women of reproductive age.
We compared the prevalence of overweight, obesity, wasting/underweight, stunting/short stature and anaemia by socioeconomic and ethnic indicators. For each indicator, we estimated prevalence ratios (PR) adjusted by all other socioeconomic and ethnic indicators. We analysed if results differed by urban/rural areas.
Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012.
Children <5 years, non-pregnant women 11-19 years and non-pregnant women 20-49 years (n 33 244).
In most age groups, belonging to non-indigenous households, with high wealth, high education and in urban areas were inversely associated with stunting or short stature (PR ranging from 0·40 to 0·83), and wealth and education were inversely associated with anaemia (PR ranging from 0·53 to 0·78). The prevalence of overweight was similar across subgroups among children <5 years; however, among women 11-19 years, wealth, non-indigenous household and urban areas were positively associated (PR ranging from 1·16 to 1·33); and among women 20-49 years, education was inversely associated (PR 0·83).
Socially disadvantaged populations have a higher prevalence of undernutrition, whereas the prevalence of excess weight is either equal (children <5 years), slightly lower (women 11-19 years) or even higher (women 20-49 years) with lower education. These results highlight the need for specific actions to address social inequalities in malnutrition in the Mexican population.
比较墨西哥儿童和育龄妇女按财富、教育水平、种族和城乡地区划分的营养不良（营养不足和超重）患病率。
我们比较了超重、肥胖、消瘦/体重不足、发育迟缓/身材矮小和贫血与社会经济和种族指标的患病率比（PR）。对于每个指标，我们根据所有其他社会经济和种族指标调整了 PR。我们分析了结果是否因城乡地区而异。
墨西哥国家健康和营养调查 2012 年。
<5 岁儿童、11-19 岁非孕妇和 20-49 岁非孕妇（n=33244）。
在大多数年龄组中，属于非土著家庭、富有、高学历和城市地区与发育迟缓或身材矮小呈负相关（PR 范围为 0.40 至 0.83），而财富和教育与贫血呈负相关（PR 范围为 0.53 至 0.78）。<5 岁儿童中，超重的患病率在各亚组中相似；然而，在 11-19 岁的妇女中，财富、非土著家庭和城市地区呈正相关（PR 范围为 1.16 至 1.33）；而在 20-49 岁的妇女中，教育呈负相关（PR 0.83）。
社会劣势人群营养不良的患病率较高，而超重的患病率要么相等（<5 岁儿童），要么较低（11-19 岁妇女），甚至更高（20-49 岁妇女），教育程度较低。这些结果突出表明，需要采取具体行动解决墨西哥人口中营养不良的社会不平等问题。
