Xie Jiewen, Wang Jie, Cui Xuejiao
Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China.
Autoimmun Rev. 2025 May 30;24(6):103803. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103803. Epub 2025 Mar 13.
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a category of disease related to sex differences, with a significantly higher incidence in women than in men. In addition to X chromosome inactivation abnormalities, Estrogen and estrogen receptors may lead to the sex differences in AITD. Estrogen, estrogen receptors and estrogen receptor-mediated signaling pathways can affect the number and function of immune cells and the function of the thyroid to promote the development of AITD. This article describes the role of estrogen in regulating the composition ratio and the function of immune cells and the role of estrogen in promoting thyroid cell proliferation and thyroxine-binding protein and thyroid antibody production; the role of estrogen in stimulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid gland axis; and the role of estrogen and the estrogen receptor in the progression of AITD. These roles offer a new perspective for understanding the pathological mechanism of AITD and provide new targets for future therapeutic strategies.
自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AITD）是一类与性别差异相关的疾病，女性发病率显著高于男性。除X染色体失活异常外，雌激素和雌激素受体可能导致AITD中的性别差异。雌激素、雌激素受体及雌激素受体介导的信号通路可影响免疫细胞的数量和功能以及甲状腺的功能，从而促进AITD的发展。本文阐述了雌激素在调节免疫细胞组成比例和功能方面的作用，以及雌激素在促进甲状腺细胞增殖、甲状腺素结合蛋白和甲状腺抗体产生方面的作用；雌激素在下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的刺激作用；以及雌激素和雌激素受体在AITD进展中的作用。这些作用为理解AITD的病理机制提供了新视角，并为未来的治疗策略提供了新靶点。
