Ruan Liqin, Wang Lu
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, JiuJiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Department of Oncology, JiuJiang City Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy, JiuJiang No.1 People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
Front Oncol. 2025 Feb 28;15:1530541. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1530541. eCollection 2025.
Tumors employ a range of strategies to evade detection and eradication by the host's immune system. These include downregulating antigen expression, altering antigen presentation processes, and inhibiting immune checkpoint pathways. etc. Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) represents a strategy that boosts anti-tumor immunity. This is achieved by amplifying or genetically engineering immune cells, which are either sourced from the patient or a donor, in a laboratory setting. Subsequently, these cells are reintroduced into the patient to bolster their immune response against cancer. ACT has successfully restored anti-tumor immune responses by amplifying the activity of T cells from patients or donors. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying tumor escape, including alterations in tumor cell antigens, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and modulation of immune checkpoint pathways. It further explores how ACT can avddress these factors to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the review discusses the application of gene-editing technologies (such as CRISPR) in ACT, highlighting their potential to strengthen the anti-tumor capabilities of T cells. Looking forward, the personalized design of ACT, combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies, is expected to significantly improve treatment outcomes, positioning this approach as a key strategy in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
肿瘤采用一系列策略来逃避宿主免疫系统的检测和清除。这些策略包括下调抗原表达、改变抗原呈递过程以及抑制免疫检查点途径等。过继性细胞疗法（ACT）是一种增强抗肿瘤免疫力的策略。这是通过在实验室环境中扩增或基因工程改造免疫细胞来实现的，这些免疫细胞可以来自患者或供体。随后，将这些细胞重新引入患者体内，以增强其针对癌症的免疫反应。ACT通过增强患者或供体T细胞的活性，成功恢复了抗肿瘤免疫反应。本综述重点关注肿瘤逃逸的潜在机制，包括肿瘤细胞抗原的改变、免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）以及免疫检查点途径的调节。它进一步探讨了ACT如何应对这些因素以提高治疗效果。此外，该综述还讨论了基因编辑技术（如CRISPR）在ACT中的应用，强调了它们增强T细胞抗肿瘤能力的潜力。展望未来，ACT的个性化设计与免疫检查点抑制剂和靶向治疗相结合，有望显著改善治疗效果，使这种方法成为癌症免疫治疗领域的关键策略。
