Iordache Madalina, Zamfir Laurentiu, Becherescu Alexandra, Chiş Ana Codruţa
Department of Sustainable Development and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Life Sciences "King Mihai I", 300645 Timisoara, Romania.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Feb 26;14(5):717. doi: 10.3390/plants14050717.
The dendroflora of an urban arboretum (The Botanic Park of Timișoara, Romania), consisting of 193 species, was ecologically characterized as bioforms, phytogeographical elements, and preferences for moisture, temperature, and soil pH. The aim of the research was to determine whether the native ecological requirements of the woody species, along with certain biological and evolutionary traits of them, such as plant life-form and plant family, could serve as tools for explaining and understanding the strategies employed by the urban woody phytocoenoses to acclimate and adapt to an established environment, such as an urban arboretum. The inventoried species are grouped in 111 genera and 45 families. The native and non-native dendroflora share 16 common families. The most representative family both in the native and non-native dendroflora is . The monotypic families are largely present (22.22% in the native dendroflora, and 42.22% in the non-native dendroflora). The plant life-form spectrum is dominated by megaphanerophytes (49%), followed by mesophanerophytes (41%). The chorological spectrum of the native species comprises 16 chorological types and is dominated by Eurasians (32%) and Europeans (30%). The species characteristics of the Pontic-Carpathian space, to which Romania belongs, are rare in the analyzed urban botanical park (4%). The mesophyte, mesothermal and slightly acido-neutrophilous species dominate both the native and non-native dendroflora. In the acclimation process of the non-native dendroflora, 37% of species exceeded their native requirements for moisture, 41% for temperature, and 50% for soil pH. The species requirements for temperature are associated to those for moisture and soil pH. The results show the potential of the analysed woody species to exceed their native requirements within the acclimation and adaption process, and in this process, for the studied temperate site, the plant life-form is important, and also the plant family. The species of the analyzed urban arboretum, both native and non-native, are taxonomically and biogeographically diverse, with specific habitat requirements, suggesting their great ability in acclimating, adapting and resisting.
一个城市植物园（罗马尼亚蒂米什瓦拉植物园）的树木植物区系由193个物种组成，从生物形态、植物地理成分以及对水分、温度和土壤pH值的偏好等方面进行了生态特征分析。该研究的目的是确定木本物种的原生生态需求，以及它们的某些生物学和进化特征，如植物生活型和植物科，是否可以作为解释和理解城市木本植物群落适应既定环境（如城市植物园）所采用策略的工具。所清查的物种分为111属45科。本地和非本地树木植物区系共有16个共同的科。本地和非本地树木植物区系中最具代表性的科是 。单型科占比很大（本地树木植物区系中占22.22%，非本地树木植物区系中占42.22%）。植物生活型谱以大高位芽植物为主（49%），其次是中高位芽植物（41%）。本地物种的分布区谱包括16种分布区类型，以欧亚成分（32%）和欧洲成分（30%）为主。罗马尼亚所属的 Pontic - 喀尔巴阡地区的物种特征在分析的城市植物园中很少见（4%）。中生植物、中温植物和微酸 - 中性植物在本地和非本地树木植物区系中均占主导地位。在非本地树木植物区系的适应过程中，37%的物种对水分的需求超过其原生需求，41%对温度的需求超过原生需求，50%对土壤pH值的需求超过原生需求。物种对温度的需求与对水分和土壤pH值的需求相关。结果表明，在所分析的木本物种在适应过程中有可能超过其原生需求，并且在这个过程中，对于所研究的温带地区，植物生活型很重要，植物科也很重要。所分析的城市植物园中的物种，无论是本地的还是非本地的，在分类学和生物地理学上都具有多样性，具有特定的栖息地需求，表明它们具有很强的适应、适应和抵抗能力。
