Reich Karoline M, Tatzber Valerie, Skolka Astrid, Piehslinger Eva, Lettner Stefan, Kundi Michael, Sagl Benedikt
Division of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Karl Donath Laboratory, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200, Vienna, Austria.
Division of Prosthodontics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
J Dent. 2025 May;156:105695. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2025.105695. Epub 2025 Mar 15.
Conventional occlusal analysis methods are increasingly challenged by digital technologies. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy and reliability of currently available conventional and digital occlusal indicators.
The number and distribution of occlusal contacts in habitual intercuspation (ICP) were recorded in 26 dentate adults using articulating silk (reference method), wax occlusogram, and the digital occlusal analysis system T-Scan Novus. Errors in the number and distribution of contact registration between the methods, as well as inter- and intra-observer agreement, were calculated per dental arch and tooth position.
The distribution of contacts within the dental arch followed a method-independent pattern. Per dental arch, articulating silk recorded 15.3±4.7 contacts, wax occlusogram 14.2±4.6, and the T-Scan 9.4±5.9. Agreement between the methods was highest for incisors and canines and lowest for premolars and molars. ICC for intra- and inter-observer agreement were considerably lower for wax occlusogram (0.36/0.34) than for the T-Scan (0.66/0.58).
Wax occlusogram recorded a higher number of occlusal contacts, whereas the T-Scan systematically registered fewer contacts but demonstrated greater intra- and inter-observer reliability. These differences suggest that conventional methods may provide a broader visualisation of contact distribution, while digital tools offer benefits in terms of reproducibility.
Articulating silk and wax occlusogram, register a summation of contacts including premature contacts enabling a more comprehensive occlusal diagnosis. In contrast, the T-Scan may be preferred when the identification of force distribution is the primary focus.
传统的咬合分析方法正日益受到数字技术的挑战。本研究的目的是比较目前可用的传统和数字咬合指标的准确性和可靠性。
使用咬合纸（参考方法）、蜡咬合图和数字咬合分析系统T-Scan Novus记录26名有牙成年人在习惯性牙尖交错位（ICP）时的咬合接触数量和分布。计算各牙弓和牙位上不同方法之间接触记录数量和分布的误差，以及观察者间和观察者内的一致性。
牙弓内接触点的分布遵循与方法无关的模式。每个牙弓，咬合纸记录了15.3±4.7个接触点，蜡咬合图记录了14.2±4.6个，T-Scan记录了9.4±5.9个。方法之间的一致性在切牙和尖牙中最高，在前磨牙和磨牙中最低。蜡咬合图的观察者内和观察者间一致性的组内相关系数（ICC）（0.36/0.34）明显低于T-Scan（0.66/0.58）。
蜡咬合图记录的咬合接触点数量较多，而T-Scan系统记录的接触点较少，但在观察者内和观察者间表现出更高的可靠性。这些差异表明，传统方法可能提供更广泛的接触分布可视化，而数字工具在可重复性方面具有优势。
咬合纸和蜡咬合图记录了包括早接触在内的接触总和，有助于进行更全面的咬合诊断。相比之下，当主要关注力的分布识别时，T-Scan可能更受青睐。
