Macias-Muñoz Aide
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
Integr Comp Biol. 2025 Sep 26;65(3):713-726. doi: 10.1093/icb/icaf006.
The ability to regenerate can greatly vary between animal groups and cell types. Some of the outstanding questions in the field of regeneration include: (1) How has regeneration evolved? and (2) What features underlie differences in regeneration potential between animals? Whether regeneration evolved once and diversified or if it evolved multiple times independently by co-opting similar pathways remains unknown. Current research seeks to identify conserved cellular and molecular features that allow for regeneration. However, comparisons between distantly related regenerating animals have revealed a large amount of diversity. In this perspective, I review discussions on the mechanisms, cell types, and genes underlying regeneration. I propose using Cnidaria as a group in which to investigate the evolution of regeneration. As the sister group to Bilateria with notable regenerative capacity, studies in Cnidaria offer insights into the evolutionary history and conservation of regenerative mechanisms. I then highlight how genome-wide studies, single-cell genomics, multi-omics, and gene editing can be used to identify cell types and unknown features of regeneration. Applying these approaches across organisms will give insight into the cell and molecular features that allow for regeneration competency and may be used to alter an organism's regeneration potential.
再生能力在不同动物群体和细胞类型之间差异很大。再生领域一些突出的问题包括：（1）再生是如何进化的？以及（2）动物之间再生潜力差异的基础特征是什么？再生是一次进化并多样化，还是通过采用相似途径多次独立进化，目前仍不清楚。当前的研究旨在确定有助于再生的保守细胞和分子特征。然而，对亲缘关系较远的再生动物的比较揭示了大量的多样性。从这个角度来看，我回顾了关于再生的机制、细胞类型和基因的讨论。我建议将刺胞动物作为一个研究再生进化的群体。作为具有显著再生能力的两侧对称动物的姐妹群体，对刺胞动物的研究有助于深入了解再生机制的进化历史和保守性。然后，我强调了全基因组研究、单细胞基因组学、多组学和基因编辑如何可用于识别再生的细胞类型和未知特征。在不同生物体中应用这些方法将深入了解赋予再生能力的细胞和分子特征，并可能用于改变生物体的再生潜力。
