Ganson Kyle T, Mitchison Deborah, Rodgers Rachel F, Murray Stuart B, Testa Alexander, Nagata Jason M
Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
J Eat Disord. 2025 Mar 17;13(1):47. doi: 10.1186/s40337-025-01233-x.
Muscle dysmorphia is a significant mental health condition that has been under-researched in epidemiological, community-based studies. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of probable muscle dysmorphia among a sample of Canadian (n = 784) and American (n = 563) boys and men ages 15-35 years.
The sample comprised 1,488 boys and men who completed a variety of measures and items to capture sociodemographic characteristics and muscle dysmorphia symptoms. Diagnostic criteria were applied to identify probable muscle dysmorphia among the sample. Unadjusted (e.g., chi-square tests, independent samples t-tests) and adjusted (e.g., logistic regression) analyses were used to determine the sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, body mass index, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, relationship status, and country) associated with cases of probable muscle dysmorphia.
The prevalence of probable muscle dysmorphia was 2.8% (95% confidence interval 2.0-3.7%). Aside from lower body mass index among those with probable muscle dysmorphia, there were no significant demographic differences between those with and without probable muscle dysmorphia across ages, genders, races/ethnicities, and sexual orientations. Those with probable muscle dysmorphia had significantly higher scores on standardized measures of muscle dysmorphia symptomatology and muscularity-oriented attitudes and behaviors compared to those without probable muscle dysmorphia.
Findings underscore that muscle dysmorphia may be more prevalent among boys and men in Canada and the United States than previously thought, highlighting the need for more research, prevention, assessment, and intervention efforts. The minimal differences across sociodemographic factors are notable, highlighting the need for an inclusive understanding of muscle dysmorphia.
肌肉畸形症是一种严重的心理健康状况，在基于社区的流行病学研究中尚未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在确定15至35岁的加拿大（n = 784）和美国（n = 563）男孩及男性样本中可能存在的肌肉畸形症的患病率及其相关因素。
样本包括1488名男孩和男性，他们完成了各种测量和项目，以获取社会人口学特征和肌肉畸形症症状。应用诊断标准来确定样本中可能存在的肌肉畸形症。采用未调整分析（如卡方检验、独立样本t检验）和调整分析（如逻辑回归）来确定与可能的肌肉畸形症病例相关的社会人口学因素（如年龄、体重指数、性别、种族/民族、性取向、教育程度、恋爱状况和国家）。
可能的肌肉畸形症患病率为2.8%（95%置信区间2.0 - 3.7%）。除了可能患有肌肉畸形症的人身体质量指数较低外，在年龄、性别、种族/民族和性取向方面，患有和未患有可能的肌肉畸形症的人之间在人口统计学上没有显著差异。与没有可能的肌肉畸形症的人相比，可能患有肌肉畸形症的人在肌肉畸形症症状学以及以肌肉发达为导向的态度和行为的标准化测量中得分显著更高。
研究结果强调，加拿大和美国的男孩及男性中肌肉畸形症的患病率可能比以前认为的更高，这凸显了需要更多的研究、预防、评估和干预措施。社会人口学因素之间的微小差异值得注意，这凸显了对肌肉畸形症进行包容性理解的必要性。
