Lu Xia, Kong Jie, Luan Sheng, Dai Ping, Meng Xianhong, Cao Baoxiang, Luo Kun
Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
PLoS One. 2016 Oct 19;11(10):e0164396. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164396. eCollection 2016.
In the practical farming of Litopenaeus vannamei, the intensive culture system and environmental pollution usually results in a high concentration of ammonia, which usually brings large detrimental effects to shrimp, such as increasing the susceptibility to pathogens, reducing growth, decreasing osmoregulatory capacity, increasing the molting frequency, and even causing high mortality. However, little information is available on the molecular mechanisms of the detrimental effects of ammonia stress in shrimp. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis between ammonia-challenged and control groups from the same family of L. vannamei to identify the key genes and pathways response to ammonia stress. The comparative transcriptome analysis identified 136 significantly differentially expressed genes that have high homologies with the known proteins in aquatic species, among which 94 genes are reported potentially related to immune function, and the rest of the genes are involved in apoptosis, growth, molting, and osmoregulation. Fourteen GO terms and 6 KEGG pathways were identified to be significantly changed by ammonia stress. In these GO terms, 13 genes have been studied in aquatic species, and 11 of them were reported potentially involved in immune defense and two genes were related to molting. In the significantly changed KEGG pathways, all the 7 significantly changed genes have been reported in shrimp, and four of them were potentially involved in immune defense and the other three were related to molting, defending toxicity, and osmoregulation, respectively. In addition, majority of the significantly changed genes involved in nitrogen metabolisms that play an important role in reducing ammonia toxicity failed to perform the protection function. The present results have supplied molecular level support for the previous founding of the detrimental effects of ammonia stress in shrimp, which is a prerequisite for better understanding the molecular mechanism of the immunosuppression from ammonia stress.
在凡纳滨对虾的实际养殖中，集约化养殖系统和环境污染通常会导致氨浓度升高，这通常会给对虾带来很大的不利影响，如增加对病原体的易感性、降低生长速度、降低渗透调节能力、增加蜕皮频率，甚至导致高死亡率。然而，关于氨胁迫对虾产生不利影响的分子机制，目前所知甚少。在本研究中，我们对来自同一凡纳滨对虾家系的氨胁迫组和对照组进行了比较转录组分析，以确定对氨胁迫作出反应的关键基因和途径。比较转录组分析鉴定出136个与水生物种中已知蛋白质具有高度同源性的显著差异表达基因，其中94个基因据报道可能与免疫功能有关，其余基因则参与细胞凋亡、生长、蜕皮和渗透调节。鉴定出14个基因本体（GO）术语和6条京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）途径因氨胁迫而发生显著变化。在这些GO术语中，有13个基因已在水生物种中得到研究，其中11个据报道可能参与免疫防御，2个基因与蜕皮有关。在显著变化的KEGG途径中，所有7个显著变化的基因均已在对虾中报道，其中4个可能参与免疫防御，另外3个分别与蜕皮、抗毒性和渗透调节有关。此外，参与氮代谢（在降低氨毒性方面起重要作用）的大多数显著变化基因未能发挥保护功能。本研究结果为先前关于氨胁迫对虾产生不利影响的研究提供了分子水平的支持，这是更好地理解氨胁迫免疫抑制分子机制的前提条件。
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