Fatima Syeda Yashfeen, Luqman Tahira, Hussain Shabbir, Nadeem Sahar, Khan Muhammad Kashif Riaz, Ditta Allah, Asif Muhammad
Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Mar 19;25(1):355. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-06363-7.
Enhancing cotton yield and fiber quality is challenging due to the limited genetic variation, highlighting the need for efficient use of germplasm resources. Therefore, 10 morpho-physiological characters and 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic variability of 50 cotton genotypes. Principal component analysis and Mahalanobis' generalized distance (D2) were applied to morpho-physiological data. Two principal components presented 53.83% of the cumulative variability in the raw data on biomass-related variables. Four different clusters were exposed by cluster analysis (D2): Cluster I included 20 genotypes, whereas clusters II, III, and IV had 6, 18, and 6 genotypes, respectively. Intra-cluster distances were highest in Cluster IV (222.79) and Cluster I (213.65), while Cluster III had the lowest (124.89), indicating greater genetic similarity. The largest inter-cluster distance was among Clusters II and IV (109.28), whereas the smallest was among Clusters II and III (20.67). A greater inter-cluster than intra-cluster distance suggests substantial genetic diversity among genotypes. Molecular-based explorations of genetic variability generated a matrix of similarity coefficients and grouped the accessions into two main clusters. Ten markers revealed polymorphism and produced a total of 35 clearly identifiable bands, with an average of 3.5 alleles per marker. In this study, the highest number of alleles (6) were amplified by DPL0009. Polymorphism Information Content values ranged from 0.076 to 0.731. Clustering based on molecular data classified the germplasm into three groups and measuring genetic distance through Euclidean distance while structure analysis revealed three gene-exchanging populations, representing a limited genetic basis in breeding programs. DNA clustering of upland cotton germplasm revealed genetic relationships independent of geographical origin, indicating its diversity and potential for use in hybridization schemes to develop superior F1 transgressive segregates or hybrids in subsequent generations.
由于遗传变异有限，提高棉花产量和纤维品质具有挑战性，这凸显了有效利用种质资源的必要性。因此，利用10个形态生理性状和10个简单序列重复（SSR）标记对50个棉花基因型的遗传变异性进行了研究。主成分分析和马氏广义距离（D2）应用于形态生理数据。两个主成分在与生物量相关变量的原始数据中呈现出53.83%的累积变异性。聚类分析（D2）揭示了四个不同的聚类：聚类I包含20个基因型，而聚类II、III和IV分别有6、18和6个基因型。聚类内距离在聚类IV（222.79）和聚类I（213.65）中最高，而聚类III最低（124.89），表明遗传相似性更高。最大的聚类间距离在聚类II和IV之间（109.28），而最小的在聚类II和III之间（20.67）。聚类间距离大于聚类内距离表明基因型之间存在显著的遗传多样性。基于分子的遗传变异性探索产生了相似系数矩阵，并将种质分为两个主要聚类。10个标记显示出多态性，共产生了35条清晰可辨的条带，每个标记平均有3.5个等位基因。在本研究中，DPL0009扩增出的等位基因数量最多（6个）。多态性信息含量值范围为0.076至0.731。基于分子数据的聚类将种质分为三组，并通过欧几里得距离测量遗传距离，而结构分析揭示了三个基因交换群体，这表明育种计划中的遗传基础有限。陆地棉种质的DNA聚类揭示了与地理起源无关的遗传关系，表明其多样性以及在杂交方案中用于培育优良F1超亲分离株或后代杂种的潜力。
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