Kushanov Fakhriddin N, Turaev Ozod S, Ernazarova Dilrabo K, Gapparov Bunyod M, Oripova Barno B, Kudratova Mukhlisa K, Rafieva Feruza U, Khalikov Kuvandik K, Erjigitov Doston Sh, Khidirov Mukhammad T, Kholova Madina D, Khusenov Naim N, Amanboyeva Roza S, Saha Sukumar, Yu John Z, Abdurakhmonov Ibrokhim Y
Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Department of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Dec 16;12:779386. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.779386. eCollection 2021.
Cotton genetic resources contain diverse economically important traits that can be used widely in breeding approaches to create of high-yielding elite cultivars with superior fiber quality and adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, the creation of new cultivars using conventional breeding methods is limited by the cost and proved to be time consuming process, also requires a space to make field observations and measurements. Decoding genomes of cotton species greatly facilitated generating large-scale high-throughput DNA markers and identification of QTLs that allows confirmation of candidate genes, and use them in marker-assisted selection (MAS)-based breeding programs. With the advances of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and genome-wide-association study approaches, DNA markers associated with valuable traits significantly accelerate breeding processes by replacing the selection with a phenotype to the selection at the DNA or gene level. In this review, we discuss the evolution and genetic diversity of cotton genus, molecular markers and their types, genetic mapping and QTL analysis, application, and perspectives of MAS-based approaches in cotton breeding.
棉花遗传资源包含多种具有重要经济价值的性状，这些性状可广泛应用于育种方法中，以培育出高产、纤维品质优良且能适应生物和非生物胁迫的优良品种。然而，使用传统育种方法培育新品种受到成本限制，且被证明是一个耗时的过程，还需要有空间进行田间观察和测量。对棉花物种的基因组进行解码极大地促进了大规模高通量DNA标记的产生以及数量性状位点（QTL）的鉴定，这使得候选基因得以确认，并将其应用于基于标记辅助选择（MAS）的育种计划中。随着数量性状位点（QTL）定位和全基因组关联研究方法的进展，与有价值性状相关的DNA标记通过将基于表型的选择替换为DNA或基因水平的选择，显著加速了育种进程。在本综述中，我们讨论了棉属的进化和遗传多样性、分子标记及其类型、遗传图谱绘制和QTL分析、基于MAS方法在棉花育种中的应用及前景。
