Gebrehiwot Gebrecherkos Teame, Tilahun Mulugeta, Gebrehiwot Haftu, Kahsay Hayelom, Gebregziabher Gebremicheal, Haddis Senait, Tesfay Mesfin, Alemseged Girmay, Alemseged Gebreselassie, Kalayu Mebrahtu, Yisfa Goitom, Alemu Merhawi, Bidre Haileselassie Bisrat, Teklue Teshale
Department of Molecular Research and Diagnostics, Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, The Republic of Ethiopia.
Department of Laboratory Research, Tigray Health Research Institute, Mekelle, The Republic of Ethiopia.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2478707. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2478707. Epub 2025 Mar 19.
Immunization is a crucial public health intervention, and in Ethiopia, a nation characterized by diversity, immunization coverage shows considerable variations. This study aims to assess immunization coverage across various vaccines in Ethiopia and understand the prevalence and factors affecting immunization rates. This study utilized secondary data from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS), a community-based cross-sectional study. A Poisson regression model was used to evaluate the children's immunization coverage: the number of vaccinations a child received across 18 different vaccines. The overall immunization coverage in Ethiopia was found to be 40%, with significant regional disparities. Coverage was highest in Addis Ababa and Harari and lowest in Afar and Somali regions. BCG had the highest coverage (34.42%), while measles-2 vaccination had the lowest (3.7%). The Poisson regression analysis identified several significant predictors of immunization uptake. Children from wealthier households, those born in public health facilities, and those whose mothers attended antenatal care (ANC) visits had higher immunization counts ( < .001). Conversely, children from rural areas, female children, and those born into larger families had lower immunization rates ( < .01). Maternal education, pregnancy counseling, and family planning utilization were positively associated with vaccine uptake. Despite improvements in immunization coverage, Ethiopia's rates remain below the African regional average. Socioeconomic disparities, healthcare access, and maternal education significantly influence vaccination rates. Strengthening community-based outreach, expanding ANC services, improving healthcare infrastructure, and addressing gender-related disparities can enhance immunization coverage.
免疫接种是一项至关重要的公共卫生干预措施，在具有多样性特征的埃塞俄比亚，免疫接种覆盖率存在显著差异。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚各种疫苗的免疫接种覆盖率，并了解免疫接种率的流行情况及影响因素。本研究利用了2019年埃塞俄比亚小型人口与健康调查（EMDHS）的二手数据，这是一项基于社区的横断面研究。采用泊松回归模型评估儿童的免疫接种覆盖率：即一名儿童接种的18种不同疫苗的数量。研究发现埃塞俄比亚的总体免疫接种覆盖率为40%，存在显著的地区差异。亚的斯亚贝巴和哈拉里的覆盖率最高，阿法尔和索马里地区最低。卡介苗的覆盖率最高（34.42%），而麻疹-2疫苗的覆盖率最低（3.7%）。泊松回归分析确定了免疫接种率的几个重要预测因素。来自较富裕家庭的儿童、在公共卫生机构出生的儿童以及其母亲接受过产前护理（ANC）访视的儿童免疫接种次数较多（<0.001）。相反，农村地区的儿童、女童以及出生在大家庭的儿童免疫接种率较低（<0.01）。母亲的教育程度、孕期咨询和计划生育的使用与疫苗接种呈正相关。尽管免疫接种覆盖率有所提高，但埃塞俄比亚的免疫接种率仍低于非洲地区平均水平。社会经济差异、医疗服务可及性和母亲的教育程度对疫苗接种率有显著影响。加强基于社区的宣传、扩大产前护理服务、改善医疗基础设施以及解决与性别相关的差异可以提高免疫接种覆盖率。
