Hussain Shabir, Khan Mehrab, Altaf Muhammad Tanveer, Shah Muhammad Nadeem, Alfagham Alanoud T
Institute of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversity, Pazar, Rize, Türkiye.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Mar 4;16:1541123. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1541123. eCollection 2025.
Agriculture problems like drought stress and improper fertilization like overuse of nitrogen fertilizers for maximum productivity are the problem responsible for low yield of crop and environmental pollution. Biochar and slow releasing nitrogen fertilizers (SRNF) application in agriculture are the sustainable practices being used for better crop nutrient management strategies, since the well-recognized environmental problem caused by overusing fertilizers. Biochar also used as tools for sustainable way alleviating drought stress. For this, two-year field study was planned with randomized complete block designed (RCBD) and was replicated three time. Treatments included the two irrigation conditions like normal irrigation (CK) and drought stress (DS), two biochar treatments like biochar (BC) and without biochar (WBC); and three application of SRNF like zinc-coated urea (ZCU), sulfur-coated urea (SCU) and non-coated simple urea (SU). Results revealed that drought stress significantly reduced plant height (20.7%), stem diameter (25.6%), and achene yield (25.9%), while increasing antioxidant activity. Biochar mitigated these effects, increasing plant height by 23.2% and achene yield by 12.0% under drought stress. Among SRNFs, ZCU was most effective, improving photosynthetic rate (18.5%), chlorophyll content (12.3%), and achene yield (19.6%) under drought conditions. The combination of biochar and ZCU improved soil health, water retention, and nutrient efficiency, leading to enhanced plant growth and yield. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among treatments.
干旱胁迫等农业问题以及为追求最高产量而过度使用氮肥等不当施肥行为，是导致作物产量低和环境污染的原因。由于过度使用化肥引发了人们广泛认识到的环境问题，因此在农业中应用生物炭和缓释氮肥是用于更好地管理作物养分的可持续做法。生物炭还被用作以可持续方式缓解干旱胁迫的工具。为此，开展了一项为期两年的田间研究，采用随机完全区组设计（RCBD），并重复三次。处理包括两种灌溉条件，即正常灌溉（CK）和干旱胁迫（DS）；两种生物炭处理，即生物炭（BC）和无生物炭（WBC）；以及三种缓释氮肥的施用方式，即包膜尿素（ZCU）、硫包膜尿素（SCU）和无包膜普通尿素（SU）。结果表明，干旱胁迫显著降低了株高（20.7%）、茎粗（25.6%）和瘦果产量（25.9%），同时提高了抗氧化活性。生物炭减轻了这些影响，在干旱胁迫下使株高增加了23.2%，瘦果产量增加了12.0%。在缓释氮肥中，包膜尿素最有效，在干旱条件下提高了光合速率（18.5%）、叶绿素含量（12.3%）和瘦果产量（19.6%）。生物炭和包膜尿素的组合改善了土壤健康状况、保水性和养分效率，从而促进了植物生长和产量提高。统计分析证实各处理之间存在显著差异。
