Marri Meghana, Kandur Chandrika, Srirambhatla Annapurna, Arora Abhishek J, Patle Amit
Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Feb 15;17(2):e79067. doi: 10.7759/cureus.79067. eCollection 2025 Feb.
Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare cause of severe genital tract bleeding. It can be classified as either congenital or acquired. Congenital form occurs due to aberrant arteriovenous vascular connections during embryonic development, whereas acquired form has been reported following previous uterine trauma or can be seen in association with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) and endometrial adenocarcinoma. This report describes a case of a 26-year-old female, who presented with heavy vaginal bleeding and pain in the lower abdomen. An ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis, followed by a contrast-enhanced MRI of the pelvis, was advised, and a final diagnosis of uterine AVM was made. This case report highlights the cause of vaginal bleeding, the imaging appearance, and diagnosis using ultrasound and contrast-enhanced MRI of the pelvis, as well as management methods. It alerts treating clinicians to be aware of this possibility, emphasizing prompt identification and treatment in symptomatic patients, as inadvertent curettage can lead to massive bleeding with significant morbidity and mortality.
子宫动静脉畸形（AVM）是严重生殖道出血的罕见原因。它可分为先天性或后天性。先天性形式是由于胚胎发育过程中动静脉血管连接异常所致，而后天性形式据报道发生在先前子宫创伤之后，或可见于与妊娠滋养细胞疾病（GTD）和子宫内膜腺癌相关的情况。本报告描述了一名26岁女性的病例，该患者出现大量阴道出血和下腹部疼痛。建议进行腹部和盆腔超声检查，随后进行盆腔增强MRI检查，最终诊断为子宫AVM。本病例报告强调了阴道出血的原因、影像学表现、使用盆腔超声和增强MRI的诊断以及治疗方法。它提醒治疗临床医生注意这种可能性，强调对有症状患者进行及时识别和治疗，因为不经意的刮宫可能导致大量出血，伴有严重的发病率和死亡率。
