Bashir Khurram, Todaka Daisuke, Sako Kaori, Ueda Minoru, Aziz Farhan, Seki Motoaki
Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
Department of Life Sciences, SBA School of Science and Engineering, , Lahore University of Management Sciences, DHA Phase 5, Lahore, Pakistan.
Plant Mol Biol. 2025 Mar 19;115(2):47. doi: 10.1007/s11103-025-01566-w.
In recent years, abiotic stresses, including droughts, floods, high temperatures, and salinity, have become increasingly frequent and severe. These stresses significantly hinder crop yields and product quality, posing substantial challenges to sustainable agriculture and global food security. Simultaneously, the rapidly growing global population exacerbates the need to enhance crop production under worsening environmental conditions. Consequently, the development of effective strategies to strengthen the resilience of crop plants against high temperatures, water scarcity, and extreme environmental conditions is critical for mitigating the impacts of abiotic stress. Plants respond to these environmental challenges by reprogramming their transcriptome and metabolome. Common strategies for developing stress-tolerant plants include screening germplasm, generating transgenic crop plants, and employing genome editing techniques. Recently, chemical treatment has emerged as a promising approach to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in crops. This technique involves the application of exogenous chemical compounds that induce molecular and physiological changes, thereby providing a protective shield against abiotic stress. Forward and reverse genetic approaches have facilitated the identification of chemicals capable of modulating plant responses to abiotic stresses. These priming agents function as epigenetic regulators, agonists, or antagonists, playing essential roles in regulating stomatal closure to conserve water, managing cellular signaling through reactive oxygen species and metabolites to sustain plant growth, and activating gluconeogenesis to enhance cellular metabolism. This review summarizes recent advancements in the field of chemical priming and explores strategies to improve stress tolerance and crop productivity, thereby contributing to the enhancement of global food security.
近年来，包括干旱、洪涝、高温和盐害在内的非生物胁迫日益频繁和严重。这些胁迫显著阻碍作物产量和产品质量，给可持续农业和全球粮食安全带来巨大挑战。与此同时，全球人口的快速增长加剧了在日益恶化的环境条件下提高作物产量的需求。因此，制定有效的策略来增强作物对高温、缺水和极端环境条件的抵御能力，对于减轻非生物胁迫的影响至关重要。植物通过重新编程其转录组和代谢组来应对这些环境挑战。培育耐胁迫植物的常见策略包括筛选种质、培育转基因作物以及采用基因组编辑技术。最近，化学处理已成为增强作物非生物胁迫耐受性的一种有前景的方法。该技术涉及应用外源化合物，这些化合物会诱导分子和生理变化，从而为抵御非生物胁迫提供保护屏障。正向和反向遗传学方法有助于鉴定能够调节植物对非生物胁迫反应的化学物质。这些引发剂作为表观遗传调节剂、激动剂或拮抗剂发挥作用，在调节气孔关闭以节约用水、通过活性氧和代谢物管理细胞信号以维持植物生长以及激活糖异生以增强细胞代谢方面发挥着重要作用。本综述总结了化学引发领域的最新进展，并探索提高胁迫耐受性和作物生产力的策略，从而为增强全球粮食安全做出贡献。
