BACKGROUND

Sustained viral suppression is critical not only for ensuring long and healthy livelihoods among the people who are living with Human immunodefficiency virus (HIV), but it is also crucial for prevention of new infections of HIV perinatally and to HIV negative sexual partners through unsafe sex. Available data, however, suggest that some of the patients who are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) fail to maintain the suppressed state once they have achieved it, with others reporting subsequent episodes of viral rebound following resuppression. The association of depression, social issues including day-to-day routine and stigma with poor adherence inadvertently calls for the formulation of intervention strategies that are patient centric. The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis study will identify studies of intervention strategies that are in place to address viral suppression and viral rebound among HIV positive patients who are on ART.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS

The proposed study will conduct a systematic search of peer-reviewed articles through PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost databases. Data collection will occur in March 2025. The reviewers will include studies if they were published in South Africa, between 2013 and 2024, and if they were observational in design and written in English. Identified articles will be exported onto Rayyan software where processes of de-duplication and screening by two independent reviewers will be performed. A meta-analysis of data will be conducted on Stata 17 software using the random effects model. The results will be generated in a table and displayed graphically in a forest plot which will indicate type of study, type of intervention, point effect size and the corresponding 95% CI, weight per cent contributed by each study to the pooled estimate, pooled estimate and the 95% CI and measures of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis will be performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plot and the Egger's asymmetry test.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION

The study protocol has obtained ethical clearance from the ethics committee of Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University (SMUREC/H/31/2024:PG). As this will be a systematic review study, involving no human participants, informed consent will not be required. However, for integrity, the findings will be prepared and disseminated widely through peer-reviewed publication and in various media, including conferences, congresses or symposia.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER

CRD42024532244.