Hoost Serena S, Honig Lawrence S, Kang Min Suk, Bahl Aanya, Lee Annie J, Sanchez Danurys, Reyes-Dumeyer Dolly, Lantigua Rafael A, Dage Jeffrey L, Brickman Adam M, Manly Jennifer J, Mayeux Richard, Gu Yian
Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA.
Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA; G.H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 710 West 168th Street, New York, New York, 10032, USA.
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025 May;12(5):100117. doi: 10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100117. Epub 2025 Mar 18.
Elevated intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is linked to a reduced risk of dementia in some prospective studies. However, few studies have examined the relationship between nutrient intake and plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.
We explored whether omega-3, omega-6, and monounsaturated fat intakes were associated with changes in plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease over time.
The Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project is a prospective cohort study (1994-2021); the data set used here includes a mean follow-up of 7.0 years.
Community-based in New York City.
599 dementia-free individuals at baseline who completed a 61-item food frequency questionnaire and had biomarkers measured in plasma from at least two different time points.
Fatty acid intake tertiles were computed from participant-completed 61-item Willett semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires (Channing Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts) obtained once at their baseline visit. Plasma-based biomarker assays were performed, using the single molecule array technology Quanterix Simoa HD-X platform, at baseline and follow-up visits. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to evaluate the association between baseline nutrient intake tertile and changes in biomarkers including phospho-tau181, amyloid-beta 42/40 ratio, phospho-tau181/amyloid-beta42 ratio, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light chain, and two biomarker patterns derived from Principal Component Analysis (PCA1 and PCA2), with higher scores indicating a high level of neurodegeneration and low level of Alzheimer's disease burden, respectively). Models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and calculated total energy intake initially, and additionally for cerebrovascular risk factors.
Higher baseline omega-3 intake tertile was associated with lesser decline in PCA2 (β = 0.221, p < 0.001) and amyloid-beta 42/40 ratio (β = 0.022, p = 0.003), and a lesser rise in phospho-tau181 (β = -0.037, p = 0.001). Higher omega-6 intake tertile was linked to a lesser rise in phospho-tau181 (β = -0.050, p < 0.001) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (β = -0.028, p = 0.002). Most associations persisted after adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.
Higher relative baseline intake of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids is associated with lesser progression of blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Consuming healthy fatty acids may help prevent accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-related pathological changes.
在一些前瞻性研究中，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸摄入量的增加与痴呆风险的降低有关。然而，很少有研究探讨营养素摄入与阿尔茨海默病血浆生物标志物之间的关系。
我们探讨了ω-3、ω-6和单不饱和脂肪摄入量是否与阿尔茨海默病血浆生物标志物随时间的变化相关。
华盛顿高地-因伍德哥伦比亚衰老项目是一项前瞻性队列研究（1994年至2021年）；此处使用的数据集平均随访7.0年。
纽约市基于社区。
599名基线时无痴呆的个体，他们完成了一份61项食物频率问卷，并在至少两个不同时间点测量了血浆中的生物标志物。
脂肪酸摄入量三分位数是根据参与者完成的61项威尔lett半定量食物频率问卷（马萨诸塞州剑桥市钱宁实验室）计算得出的，该问卷在他们的基线访视时获取一次。在基线和随访访视时，使用单分子阵列技术Quanterix Simoa HD-X平台进行基于血浆的生物标志物检测。广义估计方程（GEE）模型用于评估基线营养素摄入量三分位数与生物标志物变化之间的关联，这些生物标志物包括磷酸化tau181、淀粉样β蛋白42/40比值、磷酸化tau181/淀粉样β蛋白42比值、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、神经丝轻链，以及从主成分分析得出的两种生物标志物模式（PCA1和PCA2），较高的分数分别表明神经退行性变水平高和阿尔茨海默病负担水平低。模型最初根据年龄、性别、种族/民族、教育程度和计算出的总能量摄入量进行调整，此外还根据脑血管危险因素进行调整。
较高的基线ω-3摄入量三分位数与PCA2下降幅度较小（β = 0.221，p < 0.001）和淀粉样β蛋白42/40比值下降幅度较小（β = 0.022，p = 0.003）以及磷酸化tau181上升幅度较小（β = -0.037，p = 0.001）相关。较高的ω-6摄入量三分位数与磷酸化tau181上升幅度较小（β = -0.050，p < 0.001）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白上升幅度较小（β = -0.028，p = 0.002）相关。在调整心血管危险因素后，大多数关联仍然存在。
较高的相对基线ω-3和ω-6脂肪酸摄入量与阿尔茨海默病血液生物标志物进展较慢相关。食用健康脂肪酸可能有助于预防阿尔茨海默病相关病理变化的积累。
