Guo Jing, Gu Yian
School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 Jun 9;17(12):1960. doi: 10.3390/nu17121960.
Evidence on associations between nutrients and dementia risk is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to systematically examine associations between 101 dietary nutrients and dementia incidence with a nutrient-wide association study (EWAS). : We analyzed data from 6280 participants aged 50 years and older from the Health and Retirement Study. Levels of nutrient intake were measured with the food frequency questionnaire. Dementia status was assessed with the Lang-Weir Classification of Cognitive Function. In the EWAS analysis, the Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate associations between each nutrient and dementia incidence, adjusting for multiple comparisons with a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05. Nutrients passing the EWAS selection were simultaneously included in the elastic net (ENET) regression model to construct a composite nutrient score (CNS), which was calculated as a weighted sum of the nutrients in the ENET regression model. : Over a mean (SD) follow-up of 6.76 (2.14) years, 495 individuals with incident dementia were identified. The results suggested that six nutrients were associated with increased dementia risks and five with decreased dementia risks. Compared with participants at the first tertile of CNS, individuals at the second (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11 to 1.84) and third tertiles (HR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.42 to 2.27) had increased risks of dementia. Furthermore, CNS-dementia associations were stronger in females than in males. : We found that 11 dietary nutrients and their combinations were associated with dementia risks in middle-aged and older adults. Interventional studies with nutrients were warranted to confirm our findings.
关于营养素与痴呆风险之间关联的证据有限且不一致。我们旨在通过一项全营养素关联研究（EWAS）系统地研究101种膳食营养素与痴呆发病率之间的关联。我们分析了来自健康与退休研究中6280名50岁及以上参与者的数据。营养素摄入量通过食物频率问卷进行测量。痴呆状态通过认知功能的朗 - 韦尔分类进行评估。在EWAS分析中，使用Cox比例风险回归模型来估计每种营养素与痴呆发病率之间的关联，并通过错误发现率（FDR）为0.05的方法进行多重比较校正。通过EWAS筛选的营养素同时纳入弹性网（ENET）回归模型以构建复合营养素评分（CNS），该评分计算为ENET回归模型中营养素的加权和。在平均（标准差）6.76（2.14）年的随访中，识别出495例新发痴呆个体。结果表明，六种营养素与痴呆风险增加相关，五种与痴呆风险降低相关。与CNS处于第一三分位数的参与者相比，处于第二（风险比[HR]=1.43，95%置信区间[CI]=1.11至1.84）和第三三分位数（HR = 1.80，95% CI = 1.42至2.27）的个体患痴呆的风险增加。此外，CNS与痴呆的关联在女性中比在男性中更强。我们发现11种膳食营养素及其组合与中老年人群的痴呆风险相关。有必要进行营养素干预研究以证实我们的发现。
