Boyd Rebekah, Robinson Justin, Jindani Rajika, Lehtinen Miia, Dorr Fabian, Perazzo Alvaro, Manzini Nqobile, Eid Maroua, Odera Agneta, Hameed Irbaz, Youssef Ahmed, Kanna Sharmil, Jenkinson Charles, Turek Joseph
Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Maryland, MD, Baltimore, USA.
Interdiscip Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2025 Mar 5;40(3). doi: 10.1093/icvts/ivaf049.
There are significant disparities in global access to cardiothoracic surgery. Training a diverse cohort of global cardiothoracic surgeons is a critical step. However, little is known about training pathways globally, and there is a lack of standardization in training.
The Global Thoracic Surgery Residents' Association developed a 25-item survey covering the five domains of country of origin, access to cardiothoracic surgical training, variations in training, barriers and facilitators to training, and future plans of cardiothoracic surgery trainees. The survey was disseminated electronically and over social media platforms.
A total of 73 responses from trainees in 21 countries were received. Wide variations were found in training programmes, including length of training, operative autonomy, reliance on simulation, trainee supervision and minimum case requirements. Common barriers included discrimination, separation from family and inadequate supervision and volume. Facilitators included participation in global rotations and mentorship. The majority (78%) of trainees plan on additional training.
There is a lack of standardization of trainee experience with extreme variations in global cardiothoracic training programmes in terms of length of training, reliance on simulation, supervision, research opportunities and minimum case requirements. These variations are opportunities to think forward in terms of collectively working on standardization of trainee experience, developing innovative modalities to increase supervision of trainees and recognizing trainee interest in research. There is a clear demand for increased global collaboration and the transfer of knowledge and techniques in addition to trainee recognition of need for further training.
全球心胸外科手术的可及性存在显著差异。培养多元化的全球心胸外科医生群体是关键一步。然而，对于全球的培训途径知之甚少，且培训缺乏标准化。
全球胸外科住院医师协会开展了一项包含25个项目的调查，涵盖原籍国、心胸外科手术培训的可及性、培训差异、培训的障碍与促进因素以及心胸外科手术学员的未来计划这五个领域。该调查通过电子方式以及社交媒体平台进行传播。
共收到来自21个国家学员的73份回复。在培训项目中发现了广泛差异，包括培训时长、手术自主权、对模拟的依赖、学员监督以及最低病例要求。常见障碍包括歧视、与家人分离、监督不足和病例数量不足。促进因素包括参与全球轮转和导师指导。大多数（78%）学员计划接受额外培训。
学员经历缺乏标准化，全球心胸外科培训项目在培训时长、对模拟的依赖、监督、研究机会和最低病例要求方面存在极大差异。这些差异为共同致力于学员经历的标准化、开发创新模式以加强对学员的监督以及认识到学员对研究的兴趣提供了前瞻性思考的机会。除了学员认识到需要进一步培训外，显然还需要加强全球合作以及知识和技术的转移。
