Halabowski Dariusz, Pyrzanowski Kacper, Zięba Grzegorz, Grabowska Joanna, Przybylski Mirosław, Smith Carl, Reichard Martin
Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 19;15(1):9417. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93717-8.
Facilitative and competitive interactions among coexisting parasite species, as well as among alternative host species, produce considerable ecological and evolutionary responses to host-parasite relationships. Such effects can be illuminated by impacts of non-native species on relationships in local communities. We used the association between parasitic European bitterling fish (Rhodeus amarus) and unionid mussels (which host bitterling eggs in their gills) to test the effects of the invasive Chinese pond mussel (Sinanodonta woodiana) and the presence of non-bitterling mussel macroparasites on the pattern of host mussel use by the bitterling across 12 unionid mussel communities with the absence or presence of S. woodiana (and variation in duration of coexistence with local species). While all six European mussel species were used by the bitterling (with the prevalence of > 30% in Unio spp.), no S. woodiana individual was infected by the bitterling. The presence of S. woodiana did not affect bitterling eggs distribution in native mussels. Large native mussels hosted more bitterling. Infection by non-bitterling parasites, mostly water mites (prevalence 47%) and trematodes (25%), did not affect rates of bitterling parasitism. We discuss our results in the context of the rapid evolution of non-native species in their new range and its implication on mussel conservation.
共存的寄生虫物种之间以及替代宿主物种之间的促进性和竞争性相互作用，会对宿主 - 寄生虫关系产生相当大的生态和进化反应。非本地物种对当地群落关系的影响可以阐明这些效应。我们利用寄生性欧洲苦恶鱼（ Rhodeus amarus）与珠蚌科贻贝（其鳃中寄育苦恶鱼卵）之间的关联，来测试入侵的中国池塘贻贝（ Sinanodonta woodiana）以及非苦恶鱼贻贝大型寄生虫的存在，对苦恶鱼在12个有或没有中国池塘贻贝（以及与本地物种共存时间的变化）的珠蚌科贻贝群落中使用宿主贻贝模式的影响。虽然苦恶鱼会利用所有六种欧洲贻贝物种（在珠蚌属中的感染率> 30%），但没有中国池塘贻贝个体被苦恶鱼感染。中国池塘贻贝的存在并不影响苦恶鱼卵在本地贻贝中的分布。大型本地贻贝容纳了更多的苦恶鱼。被非苦恶鱼寄生虫感染，主要是水螨（感染率47%）和吸虫（25%），并不影响苦恶鱼的寄生率。我们在非本地物种在其新分布范围内的快速进化背景及其对贻贝保护的影响的背景下讨论了我们的结果。
