Konečný Adam, Popa Oana P, Bartáková Veronika, Douda Karel, Bryja Josef, Smith Carl, Popa Luis O, Reichard Martin
The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Biology Brno Czech Republic.
Department of Botany and Zoology Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic.
Evol Appl. 2018 Oct 20;11(10):1975-1989. doi: 10.1111/eva.12700. eCollection 2018 Dec.
Understanding the invasive potential of species outside their native range is one of the most pressing questions in applied evolutionary and ecological research. Admixture of genotypes of invasive species from multiple sources has been implicated in successful invasions, by generating novel genetic combinations that facilitate rapid adaptation to new environments. Alternatively, adaptive evolution on standing genetic variation, exposed by phenotypic plasticity and selected by genetic accommodation, can facilitate invasion success. We investigated the population genetic structure of an Asian freshwater mussel with a parasitic dispersal stage, , which has been present in Europe since 1979 but which has expanded rapidly in the last decade. Data from a mitochondrial marker and nuclear microsatellites have suggested that all European populations of originate from the River Yangtze basin in China. Only a single haplotype was detected in Europe, in contrast to substantial mitochondrial diversity in native Asian populations. Analysis of microsatellite markers indicated intensive gene flow and confirmed a lower genetic diversity of European populations compared to those from the Yangtze basin, though that difference was not large. Using an Approximate Bayesian Modelling approach, we identified two areas as the probable source of the spread of in Europe, which matched historical records for its establishment. Their populations originated from a single colonization event. Our data do not support alternative explanations for the rapid recent spread of ; recent arrival of a novel (cold-tolerant) genotype or continuous propagule pressure. Instead, in situ adaptation, facilitated by repeated admixture, appears to drive the ongoing expansion of . We discuss management consequences of our results.
了解物种在其原生范围之外的入侵潜力是应用进化和生态研究中最紧迫的问题之一。入侵物种来自多个来源的基因型混合，通过产生促进快速适应新环境的新基因组合，被认为与成功入侵有关。另外，由表型可塑性暴露并由遗传适应选择的现有遗传变异上的适应性进化，可以促进入侵成功。我们研究了一种具有寄生扩散阶段的亚洲淡水贻贝的种群遗传结构，该贻贝自1979年以来就已在欧洲出现，但在过去十年中迅速扩散。来自线粒体标记和核微卫星的数据表明，欧洲所有的种群都起源于中国长江流域。与亚洲本土种群丰富的线粒体多样性形成对比的是，在欧洲只检测到了单倍型。微卫星标记分析表明基因流密集，并证实欧洲种群的遗传多样性低于长江流域的种群，尽管这种差异不大。使用近似贝叶斯建模方法，我们确定了两个区域可能是在欧洲扩散的来源，这与它建立的历史记录相符。它们的种群起源于一次单一的定殖事件。我们的数据不支持对最近迅速扩散的其他解释；即新的（耐寒）基因型的近期到来或持续的繁殖体压力。相反，由反复混合促进的就地适应似乎推动了的持续扩张。我们讨论了我们结果的管理后果。
