Suttora Chiara, Nardozza Odette, Menabò Laura, Preti Emanuele, Passaquindici Ilenia, Fasolo Mirco, Spinelli Maria
Department of Psychology, "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Department of Psychology, University G. D'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2025 Mar 5;16:1562679. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1562679. eCollection 2025.
A growing body of research indicates that disrespect and mistreatment during childbirth (obstetric mistreatment) are widespread globally. These experiences, along with their prevalence, risk factors, and impacts on maternal mental health, are often assessed using tools, highlighting the need for psychometrically valid instruments. This study aims to develop and validate the Disrespect and Mistreatment during Childbirth Questionnaire (DMCQ) and explore factors contributing to negative childbirth experiences, as well as the relationship between mistreatment and parenting stress during the first two postpartum years.
An online survey was administered to 620 women, assessing sociodemographic and childbirth-related factors, experiences of disrespect and mistreatment during childbirth, postpartum posttraumatic stress symptoms related to childbirth, personality traits, and parenting stress.
Exploratory factor analysis identified a 5-factor model with good internal consistency: negative interactions with healthcare providers, separation from the newborn, medical intrusiveness, verbal mistreatment, and pain experience. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this structure, showing positive correlations with perinatal stress (convergent validity) and no association with openness to experience (divergent validity). Higher scores on the DMCQ correlated with increased parenting stress, particularly distress related to the parental role. Women with higher education, low income, and births in Southern Italy reported greater obstetric mistreatment. Risk factors included primiparity, unplanned cesarean, instrumental delivery, episiotomy, anesthesia, labor exceeding 12 h, and delivery complications.
In conclusion, the Disrespect and Mistreatment during Childbirth Questionnaire is a psychometrically valid tool specifically designed to address obstetric mistreatment in the early years postpartum.
越来越多的研究表明，分娩期间的不尊重和虐待（产科虐待）在全球范围内普遍存在。这些经历及其患病率、风险因素以及对产妇心理健康的影响，通常使用工具进行评估，这凸显了对心理测量学上有效的工具的需求。本研究旨在开发和验证分娩期间不尊重和虐待问卷（DMCQ），并探讨导致负面分娩经历的因素，以及产后头两年虐待与育儿压力之间的关系。
对620名女性进行了在线调查，评估社会人口统计学和与分娩相关的因素、分娩期间不尊重和虐待的经历、与分娩相关的产后创伤后应激症状、人格特质和育儿压力。
探索性因素分析确定了一个具有良好内部一致性的五因素模型：与医疗保健提供者的负面互动、与新生儿分离、医疗侵入性、言语虐待和疼痛经历。验证性因素分析支持了这一结构，显示与围产期压力呈正相关（聚合效度），与经验开放性无关联（区分效度）。DMCQ得分越高，育儿压力越大，尤其是与父母角色相关的困扰。受过高等教育、低收入以及在意大利南部分娩的女性报告的产科虐待情况更严重。风险因素包括初产、计划外剖宫产、器械助产、会阴切开术、麻醉、产程超过12小时以及分娩并发症。
总之，分娩期间不尊重和虐待问卷是一种心理测量学上有效的工具，专门用于解决产后早期的产科虐待问题。
