Nardozza Odette, Passaquindici Ilenia, Persico Melba Emilia, D'Andrea Antea, Suttora Chiara, Fasolo Mirco, Spinelli Maria
Department of Psychology, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jan 22;14(3):704. doi: 10.3390/jcm14030704.
Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (P-PTSD) symptoms develop after experiencing childbirth as traumatic. Several individual and environmental factors influence the childbirth experience. However, in Italy, this phenomenon remains unexplored due to the lack of screening tools. This project aims to validate the Italian version of the Perinatal PTSD Questionnaire (PPQ-II) and to identify maternal, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum risk and protective factors associated with P-PTSD. A total of 702 women (6-24 months postpartum) participated in an online cross-sectional study. They completed the PPQ-II, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21), Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), and a questionnaire to assess sociodemographic and perinatal factors. Factor structure was estimated with an exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency of the scale, convergent and divergent analyses were computed. Associations between perinatal factors and P-PTSD were also investigated. The EFA revealed a two-factor structure: "Arousal and Mood alteration" and "Avoidance and Intrusion". CFA supported the factor structure, showing a good fit of the data. The validity was confirmed by a significant association between the PPQ-II and the DASS-21 and a lower correlation with the BFI-10. Significant associations were found between P-PTSD symptoms and factors across the maternal, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum periods. The Italian PPQ-II is a valid screening tool to include in maternity care protocols for the early identification of P-PTSD. This study also contributes to identifying perinatal factors for symptom detection and the promotion of maternal well-being.
产后创伤后应激障碍（P-PTSD）症状是在经历创伤性分娩后出现的。若干个体和环境因素会影响分娩体验。然而，在意大利，由于缺乏筛查工具，这一现象仍未得到充分研究。本项目旨在验证意大利语版的围产期创伤后应激障碍问卷（PPQ-II），并确定与P-PTSD相关的母亲、怀孕、分娩及产后的风险和保护因素。共有702名产后6至24个月的女性参与了一项在线横断面研究。她们完成了PPQ-II、抑郁焦虑压力量表-21（DASS-21）、大五人格量表-10（BFI-10）以及一份用于评估社会人口统计学和围产期因素的问卷。通过探索性因素分析（EFA）和验证性因素分析（CFA）来估计因素结构。计算量表的内部一致性、收敛性和区分性分析。还调查了围产期因素与P-PTSD之间的关联。EFA揭示了一个双因素结构：“唤醒与情绪改变”以及“回避与侵入”。CFA支持该因素结构，表明数据拟合良好。PPQ-II与DASS-21之间的显著关联以及与BFI-10的较低相关性证实了其有效性。在母亲、怀孕、分娩及产后各阶段的P-PTSD症状与因素之间发现了显著关联。意大利语版PPQ-II是一种有效的筛查工具，可纳入产科护理方案以早期识别P-PTSD。本研究还有助于识别用于症状检测的围产期因素以及促进母亲的幸福感。
