He Chang, Li Yongqi, Liu Jinkuan, Li Zhu, Li Xue, Choi Jeong-Woo, Li Heng, Liu Shan, Li Chen-Zhong
Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China.
School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China.
BME Front. 2025 Mar 19;6:0114. doi: 10.34133/bmef.0114. eCollection 2025.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common virus for genital tract infections. Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer globally, with over 99% of cases in women attributed to HPV infection. This infection continues to pose an ongoing threat to public health. Therefore, the development of rapid, high-throughput, and sensitive HPV detection platforms is important, especially in regions with limited access to advanced medical resources. CRISPR-based biosensors, a promising new method for nucleic acid detection, are now rapidly and widely used in basic and applied research and have received much attention in recent years for HPV diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and functions of the CRISPR-Cas system, focusing on its applications in HPV diagnostics. The review covers CRISPR technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-Cas12, and CRISPR-Cas13, along with nucleic acid amplification methods, CRISPR-based signal output systems, and point-of-care testing (POCT) strategies. This comprehensive overview highlights the versatility and potential of CRISPR technologies in HPV detection. We also discuss the numerous CRISPR biosensors developed since the introduction of CRISPR to detect HPV. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges faced in HPV detection by the CRISPR-Cas system.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是最常见的生殖道感染病毒。宫颈癌是全球第四大常见癌症，超过99%的病例发生在女性身上，且归因于HPV感染。这种感染持续对公众健康构成威胁。因此，开发快速、高通量且灵敏的HPV检测平台非常重要，尤其是在难以获取先进医疗资源的地区。基于CRISPR的生物传感器作为一种很有前景的核酸检测新方法，目前正在基础研究和应用研究中迅速且广泛地使用，并且近年来在HPV诊断和治疗方面备受关注。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了CRISPR-Cas系统的机制和功能，重点关注其在HPV诊断中的应用。该综述涵盖了CRISPR-Cas9、CRISPR-Cas12和CRISPR-Cas13等CRISPR技术，以及核酸扩增方法、基于CRISPR的信号输出系统和即时检测（POCT）策略。这一全面概述突出了CRISPR技术在HPV检测中的多功能性和潜力。我们还讨论了自CRISPR问世以来开发的众多用于检测HPV的CRISPR生物传感器。最后，我们讨论了CRISPR-Cas系统在HPV检测中面临的一些挑战。
