Anchan Rohan, Ghadi Anish, Chauhan Mohammed Ali, Godad Angel, Gharat Sankalp
Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
J Drug Target. 2025 Apr 11:1-15. doi: 10.1080/1061186X.2025.2477068.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), an autoimmune disease, is a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the joints leading to severe damage and cartilage destruction. Current therapies for RA such as DMARDs, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids and phytoconstituents often face challenges related to solubility and transdermal permeability. Considering the barriers posed by the stratum corneum in transdermal drug delivery, ethosomes have shown promising results in overcoming these hurdles. The presence of ethanol in ethosomes imparts flexibility and disrupts the skin's lipid bilayer, allowing for transdermal penetration. Researchers have explored the potential of ethosomal drug delivery systems loaded with various synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents for the management of RA. Despite promising preclinical findings, these systems have yet to transition from the bench to the bedside, and there is a lack of comprehensive review papers highlighting the potential of ethosomes in RA treatment. Considering the commercial challenges in scaling up such nano systems, this review aims to analyse the current state of the art and advancements in ethosomal formulations loaded with synthetic agents and phytoconstituents. Further, it explores the impact of excipients and processing parameters, on the preparation of ethosomes and their efficacy in overcoming skin barriers, to enhance the permeability of therapeutic agents.
类风湿性关节炎（RA）是一种自身免疫性疾病，是一种影响关节的慢性炎症性疾病，会导致严重损伤和软骨破坏。目前用于治疗RA的药物，如改善病情抗风湿药（DMARDs）、非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）、糖皮质激素和植物成分，常常面临与溶解度和透皮渗透性相关的挑战。考虑到角质层在透皮给药中造成的障碍，乙醇脂质体在克服这些障碍方面已显示出有前景的结果。乙醇脂质体中乙醇的存在赋予其柔韧性并破坏皮肤的脂质双层，从而实现透皮渗透。研究人员已经探索了负载各种合成药物和植物成分的乙醇脂质体给药系统在治疗RA方面的潜力。尽管临床前研究结果很有前景，但这些系统尚未从实验室走向临床应用，并且缺乏全面的综述文章来突出乙醇脂质体在RA治疗中的潜力。考虑到扩大此类纳米系统规模时面临的商业挑战，本综述旨在分析负载合成药物和植物成分的乙醇脂质体制剂的当前技术水平和进展。此外，它还探讨了辅料和加工参数对乙醇脂质体制备及其克服皮肤屏障能力的影响，以提高治疗药物的渗透性。
