Tu Qingfang, Tang Shiyong, Huang Shoucheng
Food and Environmental Engineering Department, Chuzhou Polytechnic, Chuzhou, 239000, Anhui, China.
College of Life and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 20;15(1):9641. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-93959-6.
Increasing salinity stress is a significant challenge in agriculture, affecting ~ 20% of irrigated areas worldwide. It can induce osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and nutrient imbalance in plants. Using rhizobacterial species and biochar can be an effective method to overcome this issue. Bacillus pumilus is a rhizobacteria that can enhance plant salt tolerance, facilitate nutrient solubilization in saline soils, and generate stress-alleviating metabolites. On the other hand, nitrilotriacetic acid mixed biochar (NAT-BC) can increase crop yields and mitigate salt stress by improving nutrients and water uptake. That's why the present study was carried out to explore the combined effect of NAT-BC and Bacillus pumilus on sunflowers in both non-saline and salinity-stress on sunflowers. Four treatments, i.e., 0NAT-BC, Bacillus pumilus, 0.75NAT-BC, Bacillus pumilus + 0.75NAT-BC, were applied in four replications following a completely randomized design (CRD). Results showed that Bacillus pumilus + 0.75NAT-BC caused significant enhancement in sunflower plant height (103%), stem diameter (45%), head diameter (74%), stomatal conductance (60%), and protein content (11%) rate over control under salinity stress. A significant improvement in sunflower chlorophyll a (19%), chlorophyll b (35%), and total chlorophyll (54%) compared to the control confirm the efficacy of Bacillus pumilus + 0.75NAT-BC under salinity stress. It is concluded that applying treatment Bacillus pumilus + 0.75NAT-BC can alleviate salinity stress in sunflowers via improvement in total chlorophyll contents, which was the most representative attribute in the current study. Growers are recommended to apply Bacillus pumilus + 0.75NAT-BC to achieve better sunflower growth under salinity stress.
土壤盐渍化加剧是农业面临的一项重大挑战，影响着全球约20%的灌溉区域。它会在植物中引发渗透胁迫、氧化胁迫和养分失衡。利用根际细菌和生物炭可能是克服这一问题的有效方法。短小芽孢杆菌是一种根际细菌，能够增强植物的耐盐性，促进盐渍土壤中养分的溶解，并产生缓解胁迫的代谢产物。另一方面，氮川三乙酸混合生物炭（NAT-BC）可以通过改善养分和水分吸收来提高作物产量并减轻盐胁迫。这就是开展本研究以探究NAT-BC和短小芽孢杆菌对向日葵在非盐渍和盐胁迫条件下的联合作用的原因。按照完全随机设计（CRD），设置了四个处理，即0NAT-BC、短小芽孢杆菌、0.75NAT-BC、短小芽孢杆菌 + 0.75NAT-BC，每个处理重复四次。结果表明，在盐胁迫下，与对照相比，短小芽孢杆菌 + 0.75NAT-BC使向日葵株高（提高了103%）、茎直径（提高了45%）、花盘直径（提高了74%）、气孔导度（提高了60%）和蛋白质含量（提高了11%）显著增加。与对照相比，向日葵叶绿素a（提高了19%）、叶绿素b（提高了35%）和总叶绿素（提高了54%）的显著改善证实了短小芽孢杆菌 + 0.75NAT-BC在盐胁迫下的有效性。研究得出结论，施用短小芽孢杆菌 + 0.75NAT-BC处理可以通过提高总叶绿素含量来缓解向日葵的盐胁迫，这是本研究中最具代表性的指标。建议种植者施用短小芽孢杆菌 + 0.75NAT-BC，以在盐胁迫下实现更好的向日葵生长。
