Zhao Yue, Ma Yahui, Qiu Hanruo, Zhou Lijuan, He Kunrong, Ye Yajin
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Poplar Germplasm Enhancement and Variety Improvement, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Mar 6;16:1553953. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1553953. eCollection 2025.
In order to survive harsh winter conditions, perennial trees in the temperate and frigid regions enter a dormant state and cease growth in late summer after vigorous growth in spring and summer. After experiencing prolonged cold temperature and short days in winter, trees release their dormancy, and they resume growth to produce new buds in the following spring, a process known as bud break. The establishment/release of bud dormancy and bud break are crucial for the adaptations of woody plants and their survival in the natural environment. Photoperiod and temperature are key regulators in the bud dormancy and break cycle. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism for how photoperiod and temperature regulate seasonal growth and dormancy. Here, we summarized the regulatory network and mechanisms underlying the seasonal growth of perennial woody plants in the temperate and frigid regions, focusing on several molecular modules including the photoperiod, circadian clock, - () - module and hormone regulation. Through these modules, we will summarize how perennial trees release dormancy and bud break in order to better understand their differences and connections. By elucidating the interactions among these factors, we also point out the questions and challenges need to be addressed in understanding the bud dormancy and break cycle of perennial plants.
为了在严酷的冬季条件下生存，温带和寒带地区的多年生树木进入休眠状态，并在经历了春夏的旺盛生长后于夏末停止生长。在经历了冬季漫长的低温和短日照后，树木解除休眠，并在次年春天恢复生长以产生新的芽，这一过程称为芽萌发。芽休眠的建立/解除和芽萌发对于木本植物的适应性及其在自然环境中的生存至关重要。光周期和温度是芽休眠和解除周期的关键调节因子。近年来，在理解光周期和温度如何调节季节性生长和休眠的分子机制方面取得了重大进展。在这里，我们总结了温带和寒带地区多年生木本植物季节性生长的调控网络和机制，重点关注几个分子模块，包括光周期、生物钟、-（）-模块和激素调节。通过这些模块，我们将总结多年生树木如何解除休眠和芽萌发，以便更好地理解它们的差异和联系。通过阐明这些因素之间的相互作用，我们还指出了在理解多年生植物芽休眠和解除周期方面需要解决的问题和挑战。
