Siegel M I, Mooney M P, Kimes K R, Gest T R
Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985 Jul;76(1):25-8. doi: 10.1097/00006534-198507000-00004.
Twenty-nine human fetuses ranging in age from 8 to 22 weeks were coronally sectioned for gross light microscope analysis of the labioseptopremaxillary region. In "normal" fetuses from 8 to 15 weeks, the septopremaxillary ligament was present. The horizontal and oblique fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle were poorly developed initially and increased in density with age. The anterior nasal spine and the alveolar process of the maxillae were present and in the same coronal plane. From 15 to 22 weeks, the horizontal and oblique fibers were well developed and inserted into the perichondrium of both alar and nasal cartilages. The septopremaxillary ligament was thus obliterated or more difficult to define, and the anterior nasal spine was located anterior to the alveolar process. In the cleft fetuses from 8 to 15 weeks, the nasal septum was absent or horizontally rotated. No septopremaxillary ligament or orbicularis oris fibers were noted, and the anterior nasal spine was not distinguishable. From weeks 15 to 20, the fibers of the orbicularis oris muscle were poorly differentiated, inserting asymmetrically into the perichondrium of the lateral alar cartilage on the noncleft side, the septopremaxillary ligament was absent, and the anterior nasal spine and the premaxillae were in the same coronal plane. These results suggest that the midfacial deficiencies seen in some cleft patients might have an origin in prenatal dysmorphology.
对29例年龄在8至22周的人类胎儿进行冠状切片，以便对唇-鼻中隔-上颌前部区域进行大体光学显微镜分析。在8至15周的“正常”胎儿中，存在鼻中隔上颌韧带。口轮匝肌的水平和斜纤维最初发育不良，且密度随年龄增加。前鼻棘和上颌骨的牙槽突存在且在同一冠状平面。在15至22周时，水平和斜纤维发育良好，并插入鼻翼和鼻软骨的软骨膜。鼻中隔上颌韧带因此消失或更难界定，且前鼻棘位于牙槽突前方。在8至15周的腭裂胎儿中，鼻中隔缺失或水平旋转。未观察到鼻中隔上颌韧带或口轮匝肌纤维，且前鼻棘无法区分。在15至20周时，口轮匝肌纤维分化不良，不对称地插入非腭裂侧鼻翼外侧软骨的软骨膜，鼻中隔上颌韧带缺失，且前鼻棘和上颌前部在同一冠状平面。这些结果表明，一些腭裂患者中所见的面中部缺陷可能源于产前形态异常。
