Giloyan Aida, Harutyunyan Tsovinar, Petrosyan Varduhi
Garo Meghrigian Institute for Preventive Ophthalmology, Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramian Ave., 0019, Yerevan, Armenia.
Turpanjian College of Health Sciences, American University of Armenia, 40 Marshal Baghramian Ave., 0019, Yerevan, Armenia.
Int Ophthalmol. 2025 Mar 22;45(1):114. doi: 10.1007/s10792-025-03491-9.
This study assessed the prevalence of age-related cataract and associated risk factors among people aged 50 years and older in Gegharkunik province of Armenia using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology.
A cluster sampling technique was used to draw the study sample. Twenty-four clusters were selected with 50 people in each cluster. A structured interviewer-based questionnaire collected information about participants' socio-demographics, visual acuity, cataract status, health characteristics, and health-related behaviours. An ophthalmic examination assessed participants' visual acuity and cataract status. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis.
The study recruited 1,099 participants. The mean age of the participants was 64.8. The prevalence of cataract was 24.3%. The prevalence of mild to severe visual impairment and blindness after pinhole correction was 17.4% and 1.9% in the sample, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, advanced age, low level of education, and diabetes were associated with cataract, while sex, hypertension, smoking status, and physical activity lost their significance after adjusting for covariates.
Regular eye exams and targeted public health programs might be effective for at-risk groups. Community education can improve diabetes management, promote healthier behaviors, and raise awareness, especially in people with lower education levels.
本研究采用可避免盲症快速评估（RAAB）方法，评估了亚美尼亚格加尔库尼克省50岁及以上人群中年龄相关性白内障的患病率及相关危险因素。
采用整群抽样技术抽取研究样本。选取了24个群，每个群有50人。通过基于结构化访谈的问卷收集参与者的社会人口统计学信息、视力、白内障状况、健康特征以及与健康相关的行为。眼科检查评估参与者的视力和白内障状况。采用描述性统计和逻辑回归进行数据分析。
该研究招募了1099名参与者。参与者的平均年龄为64.8岁。白内障患病率为24.3%。样本中针孔矫正后轻度至重度视力损害和失明的患病率分别为17.4%和1.9%。在调整分析中，高龄、低教育水平和糖尿病与白内障相关，而在调整协变量后，性别、高血压、吸烟状况和身体活动失去了其显著性。
定期眼部检查和有针对性的公共卫生项目可能对高危人群有效。社区教育可以改善糖尿病管理，促进更健康的行为，并提高意识，特别是在教育水平较低的人群中。
