Coomansingh-Springer Camille-Marie, de Queiroz Camila, Kaplan Ray, Macpherson Calum N L, Carter Kenrith, Fields Paul, Gilleard John S, Pinckney Rhonda
Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 7, St. George's University, Grenada.
Pathobiology Department, School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O. Box 7, St. George's University, Grenada; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports. 2025 Apr;59:101218. doi: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2025.101218. Epub 2025 Feb 12.
Economic losses and adverse effects on animals' health and productivity due to gastrointestinal parasites constitute a significant challenge for expanding and improving the small ruminant industry in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the diversity and geographic distribution of gastrointestinal parasites infecting small ruminants in Grenada. Seven hundred and thirteen fecal samples from 159 sheep and 554 goats from 64 farms in Grenada, Carriacou, and Petite Martinique were collected for coprological examination. Of 713 sheep and goat samples, 640 were positive for gastrointestinal parasites, yielding an overall prevalence of 90 % (CI , 88 to 92 %). Of the 554 goat samples, 95 % were positive for parasites (525/554; CI , 93 to 97 %), and for the 159 sheep, 72 % were positive (115/159; CI 65 to 79 %). In goats, the most common parasites observed were Strongyles, 90 % (CI 87 to 92 %); Eimeria spp., 50 % (CI 46 to 54 %); Strongyloides, 7 % (CI 5 to 9 %); Moniezia, 6 % (CI 5 to 9 %); and Trichuris, 5% (CI 4 to 7 %). Sheep showed a similar pattern with the most common parasites identified being Strongyles, 52 % (CI, 44 to 59 %); Eimeria spp., 50 % (CI 42 to 57 %); Strongyloides, 6 % (CI, 3 to 11 %); Moniezia, 6 % (CI, 3 to 10 %); and Trichuris, 3 % (CI, 1 to 7 %). The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections was higher in goats (p < 0.0001), due to the higher prevalence of Strongyles. The proportion of goats with zero parasites was significantly less than the proportion of sheep (p < 0.0001). Larval identification using coproculture analysis performed on pooled fecal samples from each farm to determine the GIN percentages and the overall mean indicated that Haemonchus was the most common genus identified, with an overall mean of 56 %, followed by Trichostrongylus (31 %), Oesophagostomum (13 %) and Cooperia (0.1 %). Nemabiome analysis based on deep amplicon sequencing demonstrated the presence of six nematode species: Haemonchus contortus (42 %), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (38 %), Oesophagostomum columbianum (12 %), Oesophagostomum asperum (7 %), Cooperia punctata (0.4 %) and Cooperia spatulata (0.1 %).
胃肠道寄生虫给发展中国家的小型反刍动物产业的扩张和改善带来了重大挑战，因为它们会造成经济损失，并对动物健康和生产力产生不利影响。本研究旨在确定格林纳达感染小型反刍动物的胃肠道寄生虫的多样性和地理分布。从格林纳达、卡里亚库和小马提尼克岛64个农场的159只绵羊和554只山羊中采集了713份粪便样本，用于粪便学检查。在713份绵羊和山羊样本中，640份胃肠道寄生虫检测呈阳性，总体患病率为90%（置信区间，88%至92%）。在554份山羊样本中，95%的样本寄生虫检测呈阳性（525/554；置信区间，93%至97%），在159份绵羊样本中，72%的样本呈阳性（115/159；置信区间65%至79%）。在山羊中，观察到的最常见寄生虫是圆线虫，占90%（置信区间87%至92%）；艾美耳属球虫，占50%（置信区间46%至54%）；类圆线虫，占7%（置信区间5%至9%）；莫尼茨绦虫，占6%（置信区间5%至9%）；鞭虫，占5%（置信区间4%至7%）。绵羊的情况与之类似，最常见的寄生虫是圆线虫，占52%（置信区间，44%至59%）；艾美耳属球虫，占50%（置信区间42%至57%）；类圆线虫，占6%（置信区间，3%至11%）；莫尼茨绦虫，占6%（置信区间，3%至10%）；鞭虫，占3%（置信区间，1%至7%）。由于圆线虫的患病率较高，山羊胃肠道线虫（GIN）感染的总体患病率高于绵羊（p < 0.0001）。寄生虫检测呈阴性的山羊比例显著低于绵羊（p < 0.0001）。对每个农场的混合粪便样本进行粪便培养分析以确定GIN百分比，总体平均值表明，捻转血矛线虫是最常见的属，总体平均值为56%，其次是毛圆线虫（31%）、食道口线虫（13%）和古柏线虫（0.1%）。基于深度扩增子测序的线虫群落分析表明存在六种线虫：捻转血矛线虫（42%）、哥伦比亚毛圆线虫（38%）、哥伦比亚食道口线虫（12%）、粗糙食道口线虫（7%）、点状古柏线虫（0.4%）和匙形古柏线虫（0.1%）。
