Novel antiluminal breast cancer and immunological activities of Sidr and SidrZamZam honeys and their biogenic AgNPs.

Honey and its derivatives are extensively acknowledged for their diverse biological attributes. Sidr honey, a specific type of monofloral honey, is obtained from the nectar of the Sidr tree (Ziziphus spina-christi). Muslims believe that water from the Zamzam well has the potential to treat a wide range of diseases. Across the globe, millions utilize Zamzam water, which is characterized by its naturally alkaline properties. SidrZamZam honey represents an innovative variant of honey, fundamentally akin to Sidr honey, with the notable difference being that bees are supplied with Zamzam water as their hydration source. The objective of this research was to evaluate the capacity of two distinct varieties of honey to produce silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), examine their antibacterial properties, investigate their impact on immune cells, and assess their anticancer efficacy against luminal A breast cancer (MCF-7). The findings indicated that both Sidr and SidrZamZam honeys possessed the ability to synthesize varying sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In this study, AgNPs synthesized by both honeys and incorporated within them demonstrated significant antibacterial properties. In addition, the two varieties of honey, when evaluated independently, displayed anticancer effects against the MCF-7 cancer cell line; however, this was not the case when these honeys were combined with AgNPs. Additionally, both varieties of honey facilitated the proliferation of immune cells. In this context, our bioinformatic analyses demonstrate that several immune cell types exert a clinically significant influence on patients with luminal-A breast cancer. These immune cell types include CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells (T), neutrophils, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, resting myeloid dendritic cells, resting mast cells, and follicular helper T cells. Therefore, these immune cell subsets represent promising targets for the treatment of luminal-A breast cancer utilizing both varieties of honey. In conclusion, Sidr and SidrZamZam honeys may serve as a source for the environmentally-friendly synthesis of AgNPs. Furthermore, both honey types have the potential to enhance immune cell activity and can function as immunomodulators. Besides, both honeys may hold promise in the combat against breast cancer, pending further research.