Çelik H, Güngörmek H-S
Istinye University Vadi Campus Ayazaga Mah. Azerbaycan Cad. (Vadi Istanbul 4A) Blok No: 3H Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2025 May 1;30(3):e401-e410. doi: 10.4317/medoral.26956.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the extent, severity, distribution and potential predisposing factors of gingival recession (GR), utilizing a questionnaire and clinical periodontal measurements obtained from Turkish patients.
A total of 534 subjects were examined. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria evaluated by dental hygiene habits, educational level, smoking habit and past orthodontic treatment. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival thickness (GT), high frenum attachment, and mobility were recorded on the tooth with GR. Probe transparency (PT), crown width/crown length ratio (CW/CL), papilla height (PH) and height of gingival scallop were measured on the index tooth (#11FDI). The GR severity was categorized by using Miller's classification.
Of the 534 individuals examined in this study, 376 (70.4%) had gingival recession, while 262 patients (49%) were meeting the inclusion criteria and 2,721 teeth (37%) were affected. The majority of the teeth (44.8%) showed Miller class I. The highest GR frequency was detected in incisors (39.5%), particularly in mandible. The correlation between GR and PI (p=0.025), PD (p=0.034), PH (p=0.007), CW/CL (p=0.009), CAL (p<0,001), PT (p<0,001) was found statistically significant. No statistical relation was found between tooth brushing duration (p>0,05), tooth brushing frequency (p>0,05) and gingival recession.
Gingival recession is a multifactorial condition significantly influenced by clinical and anatomical parameters such as PI, PH, CW/CL, PT while toothbrushing habits, including duration and frequency, appear to have a minimal impact.
本横断面研究的目的是通过问卷调查和对土耳其患者进行临床牙周测量，评估牙龈退缩（GR）的程度、严重程度、分布情况及潜在的诱发因素。
共检查了534名受试者。根据口腔卫生习惯、教育程度、吸烟习惯和既往正畸治疗情况评估符合纳入标准的参与者。记录发生牙龈退缩牙齿的菌斑指数（PI）、牙龈指数（GI）、探诊深度（PD）、探诊出血（BOP）、临床附着水平（CAL）、牙龈厚度（GT）、系带附着过高和松动度。在指数牙（#11 FDI）上测量探针透明度（PT）、冠宽/冠长比（CW/CL）、龈乳头高度（PH）和牙龈扇贝高度。采用米勒分类法对牙龈退缩的严重程度进行分类。
在本研究检查的534名个体中，376名（70.4%）有牙龈退缩，262名患者（占49%）符合纳入标准，2721颗牙齿（占37%）受到影响。大多数牙齿（44.8%）表现为米勒I类。牙龈退缩发生率最高的是前牙（39.5%），尤其是在下颌。发现牙龈退缩与菌斑指数（p = 0.025）、探诊深度（p = 0.034）、龈乳头高度（p = 0.007）、冠宽/冠长比（p = 0.009）、临床附着水平（p < 0.001）、探针透明度（p < 0.001）之间的相关性具有统计学意义。未发现刷牙时间（p > 0.05）、刷牙频率（p > 0.05）与牙龈退缩之间存在统计学关系。
牙龈退缩是一种多因素疾病，受菌斑指数、龈乳头高度、冠宽/冠长比、探针透明度等临床和解剖学参数的显著影响，而刷牙习惯，包括刷牙时间和频率，似乎影响极小。
