Fichtelova Vera, Kralova Alena, Fleischer Petr, Babak Vladimir, Kovarcik Kamil
Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Vet Med (Praha). 2021 Jan 31;66(1):1-7. doi: 10.17221/168/2020-VETMED. eCollection 2021 Jan.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the suitability of environmental sampling to screen Czech dairy herds to detect ssp. (MAP) and to find the most convenient location for the MAP detection in the lactating cow area. Environmental samples (ES, = 72) from milking parlour holding pens ( = 19), milking alleyways ( = 19) and free-stall alleyways ( = 34) from 19 herds were simultaneously tested to detect MAP by a quantitative PCR (qPCR) and bacterial culture. Eight and thirteen samples from the milking parlour holding pens, twelve and eleven samples from the milking alleyways and eleven and eighteen samples from the free-stall alleyways were qPCR and culture positive, respectively. A 4.6 times higher probability of being culture positive than qPCR positive was detected for the assessable MAP detection results from the free-stall alleyways [ = 0.008 6, odds ration (OR) = 4.572 8)] and no association was found between the results from the milking parlour holding pens ( 0.191 4) and the milking alleyways ( > 0.999 9) and the diagnostic method used. The percentage of qPCR-positive samples in the tested locations was detected for the milking alleyways (63.2%), free-stall alleyways and milking parlour holding pens. The herd infectious status was in agreement with 16 (84.2%), 14 (73.7%) and 12 (63.2%) qPCR results from the milking alleyways, free-stall alleyways (32.4%) and milking parlour holding pens (42.1%), respectively. No statistically significant differences were detected for these results ( = 0.396 1). MAP was detected by the qPCR and bacterial culture in all three locations where the ES were collected. We suggest an environmental sampling followed by MAP detection by qPCR as an easy-to-perform time-saving protocol for MAP screening in Czech dairy herds. Although the milking alleyways seem to be the most convenient location for the environmental sampling, this assumption was not statistically supported.
本研究的目的是评估环境采样在筛查捷克奶牛场以检测副结核分枝杆菌（MAP）方面的适用性，并找出泌乳牛区域中检测MAP的最便捷位置。对来自19个牛群的挤奶厅待挤区（n = 19）、挤奶通道（n = 19）和散栏通道（n = 34）的环境样本（ES，n = 72）同时进行检测，通过定量PCR（qPCR）和细菌培养来检测MAP。挤奶厅待挤区分别有8个和13个样本、挤奶通道分别有12个和11个样本、散栏通道分别有11个和18个样本qPCR和培养呈阳性。对于散栏通道中可评估的MAP检测结果，检测到培养阳性的概率比qPCR阳性高4.6倍[P = 0.008 6，优势比（OR）= 4.572 8]，并且在挤奶厅待挤区（P = 0.191 4）和挤奶通道（P > 0.999 9）的结果与所使用的诊断方法之间未发现关联。在所检测的位置中，检测到挤奶通道的qPCR阳性样本百分比为63.2%，散栏通道和挤奶厅待挤区也有相应比例。牛群的感染状况分别与挤奶通道、散栏通道（32.4%）和挤奶厅待挤区（42.1%）的16份（84.2%）、14份（73.7%）和12份（63.2%）qPCR结果一致。这些结果未检测到统计学上的显著差异（P = 0.396 1）。在采集ES的所有三个位置均通过qPCR和细菌培养检测到了MAP。我们建议采用环境采样然后通过qPCR检测MAP，作为捷克奶牛场MAP筛查的一种易于实施且节省时间的方案。尽管挤奶通道似乎是环境采样最便捷的位置，但这一假设未得到统计学支持。
