Ernest Deepali K, Chandrasekhar Aparajita, Xie Luyu, Almandoz Jaime P, Messiah Sarah E
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Houston Texas USA.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health Dallas Texas USA.
Obes Sci Pract. 2025 Mar 23;11(2):e70071. doi: 10.1002/osp4.70071. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) and Sleep Apnea (SA) contribute to long-term cardiometabolic risks among adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Emerging research suggests that certain race and ethnic groups experience disproportionate burdens of MetSyn and SA. Therefore, this study investigated the association of SA symptoms and MetSyn among AYAs in the United States and reported on associated racial and ethnic disparities.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2015 to 2020 ( = 2539) were analyzed. Sleep disorders, medical conditions, and anthropometric data were collected via interviews and physical examinations. MetSyn was defined based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Bivariate associations were assessed by univariate logistic regression models and age-adjusted associations by multivariable logistic regression models. Stratified analyses examined race/ethnic group differences in the associations.
Nearly 50% of the sample (mean age 20.6 years, 48.9% female, 55.3% non-Hispanic White) reported SA symptoms and 4.6% had MetSyn. After adjustment, central obesity was a consistent predictor of overall sleep apnea symptoms [aOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.29, 1.94], snoring [aOR = 2.10; 95% CI:1.70, 2.60], breath cessation [aOR = 2.59; 95% CI: 1.42, 4.73] and daytime sleepiness [aOR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.68]. Non-Hispanic Black individuals with MetSyn had significantly higher odds of sleep apnea symptoms [aOR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.40, 12.51], snoring [aOR = 6.64; 95% CI: 2.10, 21.0], and breath cessation [aOR = 8.64; 95% CI: 3.12, 23.93] versus participants of other races and ethnicities without MetSyn.
This study highlights the significant relationships between parameters of MetSyn and SA symptoms, and the disproportionately higher odds of SA symptoms among certain race/ethnic groups with a heavy burden of metabolic disorders.
代谢综合征（MetSyn）和睡眠呼吸暂停（SA）会增加青少年和青年（AYA）的长期心脏代谢风险。新出现的研究表明，某些种族和族裔群体承受着不成比例的MetSyn和SA负担。因此，本研究调查了美国AYA中SA症状与MetSyn之间的关联，并报告了相关的种族和族裔差异。
分析了2015年至2020年的国家健康和营养检查调查数据（n = 2539）。通过访谈和体格检查收集睡眠障碍、医疗状况和人体测量数据。MetSyn根据国际糖尿病联盟标准定义。通过单变量逻辑回归模型评估双变量关联，通过多变量逻辑回归模型评估年龄调整后的关联。分层分析检验了关联中的种族/族裔群体差异。
近50%的样本（平均年龄20.6岁，48.9%为女性，55.3%为非西班牙裔白人）报告有SA症状，4.6%患有MetSyn。调整后，中心性肥胖是总体睡眠呼吸暂停症状的一致预测因素[aOR = 1.58；95%CI：1.29，1.94]、打鼾[aOR = 2.10；95%CI：1.70，2.60]、呼吸暂停[aOR = 2.59；95%CI：1.42，4.73]和日间嗜睡[aOR = 1.34；95%CI：1.06，1.68]的预测因素。与没有MetSyn的其他种族和族裔参与者相比，患有MetSyn的非西班牙裔黑人个体出现睡眠呼吸暂停症状[aOR = 4.19；95%CI：1.40，12.51]、打鼾[aOR = 6.64；95%CI：2.10，21.0]和呼吸暂停[aOR = 8.64；95%CI：3.12，23.93]的几率显著更高。
本研究强调了MetSyn参数与SA症状之间的重要关系，以及在代谢紊乱负担较重的某些种族/族裔群体中SA症状几率过高的情况。
