Franzl S, Naumann C M
Tissue Cell. 1985;17(2):267-78. doi: 10.1016/0040-8166(85)90093-x.
As a defensive reaction against predators the larvae of Zygaena trifolii Esper. 1783, release highly viscous fluid droplets out of cuticular cavities. The fluid appears on the cuticular surface upon contraction of the irritated segments, with no specialized muscles being involved. Two morphologically different types of cavities have been found: the larger ones are located beneath pigment spots, the smaller ones occupy the remaining surface except in the ventral region. Both types have complicated cuticular opening structures. The defensive fluid contains the cyanoglucosides linamarin and lotaustralin, the amino acid beta-cyano-L-alanine, proteins and water. Although a considerable amount of fluid (3-6 microliter per sixth-instar larva) is stored in the cuticle, fine structural examinations of the epidermis do not show any specific cells or cell areas with morphological adaptations for secretion. Further, there do not exist any major cytological differences between the cells below the cavities and in the ventral region, where those cavities are absent.
作为对捕食者的防御反应，1783年埃斯珀描述的三叶草斑蛾幼虫会从表皮腔中释放出高粘性的液滴。当受刺激的体节收缩时，液体出现在表皮表面，且不涉及专门的肌肉。已发现两种形态不同的腔：较大的腔位于色素斑下方，较小的腔占据除腹部区域外的其余表面。两种类型都有复杂的表皮开口结构。防御液中含有氰苷亚麻苦苷和百脉根苷、氨基酸β-氰基-L-丙氨酸、蛋白质和水。尽管表皮中储存了大量液体（每头六龄幼虫3 - 6微升），但对表皮的精细结构检查并未显示出任何具有分泌形态适应性的特定细胞或细胞区域。此外，腔下方的细胞与没有这些腔的腹部区域的细胞之间不存在任何主要的细胞学差异。
