Lin Yingying, Chen Zhiwei, Zheng Xinye, Qi Yuanjie, Xie Li, Zhang Yulong, Li Hua
Department of Healthcare, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 24;15(1):10138. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-94563-4.
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant public health concern, particularly during pregnancy. The impact of HPV infection during pregnancy on maternal and child health is a growing concern. However, research on infection rate and pregnancy outcomes of nine-valent vaccine-covered and non-covered high-risk HPV subtypes during pregnancy remains limited. A retrospective cohort study involved 7110 pregnant women who underwent HPV testing in Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University (FMCH) from January 2021 to December 2022. Multiple logistic regression analyses investigated the association between HPV infections and maternal and neonatal outcomes. The study identified that the overall HPV infection rate in pregnant women was 19.9%. The HPV types 52, 16, 58, 42, and 51 were the most common among the participants. Infections with nine-valent HPV vaccine-covered high-risk subtypes significantly increased the risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08-1.55) and cesarean section (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.06-1.49). Co-infections with both nine-valent vaccine-covered and non-covered high-risk HPV subtypes elevated the risks of cesarean section (OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.11-2.27) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR = 2.73; 95% CI: 1.44-5.15). Additionally, these infections significantly increased the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) infants, with the group IV (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.21-3.54) having a higher risk than the group III (OR = 1.33; 95% CI: 0.17-1.65). Moreover, those neonates who were born to mothers with HPV co-infections had a significantly higher risk of ICU admission (OR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.01-2.49). This study revealed the significant association between specific HPV infections during pregnancy and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring HPV infections during pregnancy and suggest that an enhanced rate of the nine-valent HPV vaccine and strengthen the development and application of the non-nine-valent HPV vaccine could improve maternal-fetal health outcomes.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在孕期尤为如此。孕期HPV感染对母婴健康的影响日益受到关注。然而，关于孕期九价疫苗覆盖和未覆盖的高危HPV亚型的感染率及妊娠结局的研究仍然有限。一项回顾性队列研究纳入了2021年1月至2022年12月在福建医科大学附属福建省妇幼保健院接受HPV检测的7110名孕妇。多项逻辑回归分析研究了HPV感染与母婴结局之间的关联。该研究发现，孕妇的总体HPV感染率为19.9%。参与者中最常见的HPV类型为52、16、58、42和51型。感染九价HPV疫苗覆盖的高危亚型显著增加了胎膜早破（PPROM）（OR = 1.29；95% CI：1.08 - 1.55）和剖宫产（OR = 1.25；95% CI：1.06 - 1.49）的风险。同时感染九价疫苗覆盖和未覆盖的高危HPV亚型会增加剖宫产（OR = 1.59；95% CI：1.11 - 2.27）和妊娠期高血压疾病（OR = 2.73；95% CI：1.44 - 5.15）的风险。此外，这些感染显著增加了小于胎龄（SGA）儿的风险，IV组（OR = 2.07；95% CI：1.21 - 3.54）的风险高于III组（OR = 1.33；95% CI：0.17 - 1.65）。此外，母亲有HPV合并感染的新生儿入住重症监护病房（ICU）的风险显著更高（OR = 1.58；95% CI：1.01 - 2.49）。这项研究揭示了孕期特定HPV感染与不良母婴结局之间的显著关联。这些发现强调了孕期监测HPV感染的重要性，并表明提高九价HPV疫苗接种率以及加强非九价HPV疫苗的研发和应用可以改善母婴健康结局。
