Nakamura Tomoya, Murakami Ikuya
Department of Psychology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
Center for Brain Science, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2025 May;87(4):1179-1198. doi: 10.3758/s13414-025-03040-7. Epub 2025 Mar 24.
Anticipating the occurrence of future events enables our adaptive behavior by facilitating processing at various stages from perception to action. While the functional benefits of temporal expectation are well acknowledged, its phenomenological effects remain unknown. Focusing on the phenomenon of orientation repulsion, wherein a vertical target is perceived as tilted against surrounding stimuli, we examined how the size of the illusion varies with developing temporal expectation. In Experiment 1, a multimodal cue predicted impending target onset through its validity and rhythmicity. We found that repulsion decreased when the target appeared at or later than the moment predicted by the cue. In Experiment 2, rhythmic cues did not significantly influence repulsion without explicit instruction or subjective awareness of the cue-target contingency. In Experiment 3, a single cue was provided, and the target appeared after one of three foreperiods. The occurrence probability of the target was equalized across foreperiods to isolate the effect of the conditional probability given that the target had not yet occurred (hazard rate). Repulsion decreased as the hazard rate increased with the foreperiod. Heightened temporal expectations inevitably produce a phenomenological change in orientation repulsion by reducing perceptual latency, whereby a premature target representation that has not completely undergone contextual modulation is brought upon one's perception.
预测未来事件的发生能够通过促进从感知到行动各个阶段的处理来使我们产生适应性行为。虽然时间预期的功能益处已得到充分认可，但其现象学效应仍不为人知。聚焦于方向排斥现象，即垂直目标被感知为相对于周围刺激发生倾斜，我们研究了错觉的大小如何随时间预期的发展而变化。在实验1中，一个多模态线索通过其有效性和节奏性预测即将到来的目标出现。我们发现，当目标在线索预测的时刻或之后出现时，排斥现象减弱。在实验2中，在没有明确指令或对线索 - 目标关联性的主观意识的情况下，节奏性线索对排斥现象没有显著影响。在实验3中，提供了一个单一线索，目标在三个前周期之一后出现。在前周期中，目标的出现概率被均等化，以分离给定目标尚未出现时的条件概率（危险率）的影响。随着前周期危险率的增加，排斥现象减弱。增强的时间预期不可避免地会通过减少感知潜伏期而在方向排斥中产生现象学变化，从而使尚未完全经历情境调制的过早目标表征进入人的感知。
