使用代表性真核生物基因组对长外显子的意义进行系统揭示和思考。
Systematic revelation and meditation on the significance of long exons using representative eukaryotic genomes.
作者信息
Duan Yuange, Cao Qi
机构信息
Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
Health Science Center, International Cancer Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
出版信息
BMC Genomics. 2025 Mar 24;26(1):290. doi: 10.1186/s12864-025-11504-1.
BACKGROUND
Long exons/introns are not evenly distributed in the genome, but the biological significance of this phenomenon remains elusive.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Exon properties were analyzed in seven well-annotated reference genomes, including human and other representative model organisms: mouse, fruitfly, worm, mouse-ear cress, corn, and rice.
RESULTS
In all species, last exons in genes tend to be the longest. Additionally, we found that (1) canonical splicing motifs are strongly underrepresented in 3'UTR; (2) Last exons tend to have low GC content; (3) Comparing with other species, first exons in D. melanogaster genes demonstrate lower GC content than internal exons.
CONCLUSIONS
It cannot be excluded that last exons of genes exert essential regulatory roles and is subjected to natural selection, exhibiting differential splicing tendency, and GC content compared to other parts of the gene body.
背景
长外显子/内含子在基因组中分布并不均匀，但其生物学意义仍不清楚。
材料与方法
在七个注释良好的参考基因组中分析外显子特性，这些基因组包括人类及其他代表性模式生物：小鼠、果蝇、线虫、拟南芥、玉米和水稻。
结果
在所有物种中，基因的最后一个外显子往往最长。此外，我们发现：（1）经典剪接基序在3'UTR中明显较少；（2）最后一个外显子的GC含量往往较低；（3）与其他物种相比，黑腹果蝇基因的第一个外显子的GC含量低于内部外显子。
结论
不能排除基因的最后一个外显子发挥重要调控作用，并受到自然选择，与基因体的其他部分相比表现出不同的剪接倾向和GC含量。
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