How to deal with sepsis and bacteremia.

Risk factors for the development of septicemia, which are similar to those associated with any urinary tract infection, are reviewed. The "ABCs of Management" are outlined. Early recognition and effective management including selection of an effective antimicrobial agent for empiric therapy can have a direct impact on the patient's survival. Potential infecting type of bacteria are reviewed, and specific empiric therapies are described. In addition to antibiotic administration, rapid resuscitation and surgical drainage or debridement of the source of infection are integral parts of immediate treatment for sepsis. The importance of locating and draining (or removing) the source of infection is emphasized. Since sepsis is a systemic infection, patients must be monitored closely for failure of vital physiologic functions. Suggestions are offered for dealing with lack of response to antibiotic and supportive measures. Rapid diagnosis and effective management can improve the prognosis for septic patients.