Biyashev Birzhan, Zhusanbayeva Aygerim, Kirkimbayeva Zhumagul, Zholdasbekova Asel, Sarybayeva Dinara
Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan.
J Med Microbiol. 2025 Mar;74(3). doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001993.
contamination in the poultry industry poses substantial health risks, especially due to biofilm-forming strains that resist disinfection and antibiotic treatment. Biofilm-forming strains are particularly challenging to control, as they adhere to surfaces in production environments, leading to persistent contamination. This study assesses the prevalence of , examines antibiotic resistance patterns and evaluates biosecurity effectiveness at poultry farms in Kazakhstan. There is limited data on the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of biofilm-forming strains in Kazakhstan's poultry industry, highlighting a need to characterize these strains to inform effective control measures. The purpose of this study was to systematically identify and characterize strains, including biofilm-forming types, within industrial poultry enterprises in Kazakhstan. A total of 660 samples were collected from various poultry production sites, including feed, water sources, cloacal flushes and shoe covers. detection followed standardized protocols, and antibiotic sensitivity of identified strains was analysed to evaluate resistance patterns. was detected in 11.5% (95% CI) of the 660 samples, with the highest contamination observed in shoe covers, cloacal flushes, feed and water. This prevalence rate indicates a significant presence of the pathogen in the country's poultry production chain, falling between the higher rates seen in countries like China (22.2%) and Egypt (29.1%) and the lower rates observed in countries like Brazil (3.4%). The most prevalent strain was (61.8%), followed by (18.4%) and (14.5%). Antibiotic sensitivity analysis revealed that was largely susceptible to common antibiotics, while displayed considerable resistance, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments. The findings underscore the importance of strict sanitary and hygiene standards throughout poultry production, with a particular focus on managing biofilm-forming strains. Implementing comprehensive Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points protocols is essential to address contamination hotspots effectively. Future studies should investigate genetic mechanisms underlying biofilm formation and resistance in strains to inform targeted interventions, ultimately improving food safety and public health outcomes.
家禽行业的污染带来了重大健康风险，尤其是由于形成生物膜的菌株具有抗消毒和抗生素治疗的能力。形成生物膜的菌株特别难以控制，因为它们附着在生产环境中的表面，导致持续污染。本研究评估了哈萨克斯坦家禽养殖场中[具体病原体名称]的流行情况，检测了抗生素耐药模式，并评估了生物安全有效性。哈萨克斯坦家禽行业中形成生物膜的菌株的流行情况和抗生素耐药性数据有限，这凸显了对这些菌株进行特征分析以制定有效控制措施的必要性。本研究的目的是系统地识别和表征哈萨克斯坦工业家禽企业中的[具体病原体名称]菌株，包括形成生物膜的类型。总共从各种家禽生产场所收集了660份样本，包括饲料、水源、泄殖腔冲洗液和鞋套。[具体病原体名称]的检测遵循标准化方案，并对鉴定出的菌株进行抗生素敏感性分析以评估耐药模式。在660份样本中有11.5%（95%置信区间）检测到[具体病原体名称]，在鞋套、泄殖腔冲洗液、饲料和水中观察到的污染程度最高。这一流行率表明该病原体在该国的家禽生产链中大量存在，介于中国（22.2%）和埃及（29.1%）等国的较高流行率与巴西（3.4%）等国的较低流行率之间。最常见的菌株是[具体菌株名称1]（61.8%），其次是[具体菌株名称2]（18.4%）和[具体菌株名称3]（14.5%）。抗生素敏感性分析表明，[具体病原体名称]对常见抗生素大多敏感，而[具体菌株名称2]表现出相当程度的耐药性，这强调了需要替代治疗方法。研究结果强调了在整个家禽生产过程中严格的卫生和清洁标准的重要性，尤其要注重管理形成生物膜的[具体病原体名称]菌株。实施全面的危害分析与关键控制点方案对于有效解决污染热点问题至关重要。未来的研究应调查[具体病原体名称]菌株中生物膜形成和耐药性的遗传机制，以指导有针对性的干预措施，最终改善食品安全和公共卫生结果。
