Klainbart Sigal, Pérez-López Marcos, Filigenzi Michael S, Poppenga Robert H
California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Vet Intern Med. 2025 May-Jun;39(3):e70057. doi: 10.1111/jvim.70057.
Bromethalin, a rodenticide, is increasingly used due to restrictions on other rodenticides.
The study aimed to analyze the frequency, demographics, clinical signs, and diagnostics of suspected bromethalin intoxication in dogs and cats.
Two hundred twenty-three cases (249 samples) involving 123 dogs and 100 cats suspected or confirmed to have bromethalin intoxication were submitted to the toxicology laboratory at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory.
This was a retrospective cohort study. Between 2010 and 2023, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was used to detect desmethylbromethalin (DMB), bromethalin's metabolite, in various tissues and serum.
Cases increased 2.8-fold from 59 (2010-2016) to 164 (2017-2023). Cats were significantly younger (median 24 months, IQR: 41.5) than dogs (36 months, IQR: 60.0; p = 0.016) and were more likely to have confirmed DMB exposure (60% vs. 25%, p < 0.0001). Submitted samples for analysis were adipose tissue (37%), liver (20%), and brain (19%). Clinical signs included seizures, tremors, weakness, and paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 17 dogs and cats were consistent with bromethalin intoxication in 77% of cases. Autopsies (33 cases) revealed CNS lesions compatible with bromethalin toxicosis in 2/8 dogs and in 24/25 cats.
Bromethalin exposure is increasingly prevalent in pets. Adipose tissue remains the most reliable sample for diagnosis; cats are more likely to test positive for DMB and exhibit compatible autopsy results. MRI findings can also support the diagnosis. These insights could assist in diagnosing and managing bromethalin intoxication in pets.
由于对其他灭鼠剂的限制，灭鼠剂溴敌隆的使用越来越广泛。
本研究旨在分析犬猫疑似溴敌隆中毒的发生频率、人口统计学特征、临床症状及诊断方法。
223例（249份样本）涉及123只犬和100只猫，疑似或确诊溴敌隆中毒，被送至加利福尼亚动物卫生与食品安全实验室的毒理学实验室。
这是一项回顾性队列研究。2010年至2023年期间，采用液相色谱-质谱法检测各种组织和血清中的溴敌隆代谢产物去甲基溴敌隆（DMB）。
病例数从2010年至2016年的59例增加到2017年至2023年的164例，增长了2.8倍。猫的年龄显著小于犬（中位数24个月，四分位间距：41.5）（犬为36个月，四分位间距：60.0；p = 0.016），且猫更有可能被证实接触过DMB（60% 对25%，p < 0.0001）。送检分析的样本包括脂肪组织（37%）、肝脏（20%）和脑（19%）。临床症状包括癫痫发作、震颤、虚弱和瘫痪。17只犬猫的磁共振成像（MRI）结果在77%的病例中与溴敌隆中毒相符。尸检（33例）显示，8只犬中有2只、25只猫中有24只的中枢神经系统病变与溴敌隆中毒相符。
宠物接触溴敌隆的情况日益普遍。脂肪组织仍然是诊断的最可靠样本；猫更有可能DMB检测呈阳性，并呈现相符的尸检结果。MRI结果也可支持诊断。这些见解有助于宠物溴敌隆中毒的诊断和处理。
