Nejabat Maryam, Motamedifar Mohammad, Fard Saeid Amirizadeh, Heydari Mohammadreza, Bemani Soudabeh
HIV/AIDS Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran.
Immun Inflamm Dis. 2025 Mar;13(3):e70164. doi: 10.1002/iid3.70164.
Co-infection with HIV and SARS-CoV-2 presents a complex clinical picture. Deciphering the immune response in this population, particularly the role of cytokines underlying immunopathogenesis could elucidates the development of targeted therapeutic interventions.
This prospective, two-stage study enrolled 75 individuals with HIV diagnosed with COVID-19 (case group) and 25 individuals from the general population infected with SARS-CoV-2 only (control group). COVID-19 diagnosis followed World Health Organization guidelines. Plasma cytokine levels were measured using a cytokine bead array.
The case group skewed slightly females (61.2% vs. 42.9% female in the control group) an average age of 3 years older (44.13 years vs. 40.86 years). Importantly, all the case group participants had mild complications, while a significant majority (88.1%) in the control group experienced severe complications. The control group displayed a substantially higher IgM titer 963 IU/mL compared to only 39.3 IU/mL in the case group. The control group had significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α compared to the case group.
This study suggests a potentially distinct immune response in HIV-positive patients when infected with SARS-CoV-2. Elucidating these differences could lead to the development of more effective treatment strategies for this vulnerable population.
HIV与SARS-CoV-2合并感染呈现出复杂的临床情况。解读该人群的免疫反应，尤其是免疫发病机制中细胞因子的作用，有助于阐明靶向治疗干预措施的发展。
这项前瞻性两阶段研究纳入了75例确诊感染COVID-19的HIV感染者（病例组）和25例仅感染SARS-CoV-2的普通人群（对照组）。COVID-19的诊断遵循世界卫生组织的指南。使用细胞因子珠阵列检测血浆细胞因子水平。
病例组女性比例略高（61.2% vs.对照组的42.9%），平均年龄大3岁（44.13岁 vs. 40.86岁）。重要的是，病例组所有参与者均有轻度并发症，而对照组中的绝大多数（88.1%）经历了严重并发症。对照组的IgM滴度显著更高，为963 IU/mL，而病例组仅为39.3 IU/mL。与病例组相比，对照组的IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α水平显著更高。
本研究表明，HIV阳性患者感染SARS-CoV-2时可能存在独特的免疫反应。阐明这些差异可能会为这一弱势群体制定更有效的治疗策略。
