Lima Juliana Dias de, Plácido Jessica, Andrade Beatriz, Abend Letícia Dalcero, Waclawovsky Aline Josiane, Pires Daniel Alves, Silva Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da, Jesus-Moraleida Fabianna Resende de, Moura Helena Ferreira, Coelho Nicole Leite Galvão, Monteiro-Junior Renato Sobral, Matias Thiago Sousa, Schuch Felipe Barreto, Deslandes Andrea Camaz
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Psiquiatria. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Departamento de Métodos e Técnicas Desportivas. Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 2025 Mar 24;59:e3. doi: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2025059006197. eCollection 2025.
To explore the associations between current mental health symptoms and social disparities in university students. We recruited participants from nine public universities in Brazil, from August to November 2022, using online advertisements and in-person lectures. All participants completed an online survey containing social (sex, race/color, gender identity, sexual orientation, and income) and mental health assessments. The Jeopardy index was composed of social variables. The index considered zero points for subjects with less oppressive experienced characteristics (men, White, cisgender, heterosexual, higher income) and one point for the opposite characteristics. We defined six clusters according to Jeopardy Index results: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 points, with the greatest number of points representing the most disadvantaged group. The mental health symptoms were assessed on two levels. First by the "DSM-5 Self-Rated Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure - Adult," and second by the "Patient Health Questionnaire-9," and the "Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7." Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) analyses was performed for age and educational level. 748 participants were allocated into the six Jeopardy clusters: 0 (n = 46; 6.1%), 1 (n = 112; 15.0%), 2 (n = 163; 21.8%), 3 (n = 218; 29.1%), 4 (n = 171; 22.9%), and 5 (n = 38; 5.1%). It was observed a high prevalence of anxiety (42.5%) and depression (51.0%), however, the less privileged group (5) had a higher risk of having severe symptoms of anxiety (OR = 6.21; 1.51-25.58; p < 0.01) and depression (OR = 8.60; 2.15-34.43; p < 0.01), compared against the most privileged group. Although anxiety and depressive symptoms were highly prevalent for all participants, these disorders are not equally distributed in this population and the intersectionality between social factors plays an important role in contributing to these differences.
为探究当前大学生心理健康症状与社会差异之间的关联。我们于2022年8月至11月，通过在线广告和线下讲座，从巴西九所公立大学招募了参与者。所有参与者均完成了一项包含社会因素（性别、种族/肤色、性别认同、性取向和收入）及心理健康评估的在线调查。“危险指数”由社会变量构成。该指数对具有较少受压迫经历特征的受试者（男性、白人、顺性别者、异性恋者、高收入者）计0分，对具有相反特征的受试者计1分。我们根据“危险指数”结果定义了六个类别：0分、1分、2分、3分、4分和5分，得分越高代表处境越不利的群体。心理健康症状通过两个层面进行评估。首先是通过“《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版成人自陈式一级交叉症状量表”，其次是通过“患者健康问卷 - 9”以及“广泛性焦虑障碍问卷 - 7”。针对年龄和教育水平进行了调整后的优势比（OR）分析。748名参与者被分配到六个“危险”类别中：0类（n = 46；6.1%）、1类（n = 112；15.0%）、2类（n = 163；21.8%）、3类（n = 218；29.1%）、4类（n = 171；22.9%）和5类（n = 38；5.1%）。研究观察到焦虑症（42.5%）和抑郁症（51.0%）的患病率较高，然而，与最具优势的群体相比，处境较不利的群体（5类）出现严重焦虑症状（OR = 6.21；1.51 - 25.58；p < 0.01）和抑郁症症状（OR = 8.60；2.15 - 34.43；p < 0.01）的风险更高。尽管焦虑和抑郁症状在所有参与者中都普遍存在，但这些疾病在该人群中的分布并不均衡，社会因素之间的交叉性在造成这些差异方面发挥了重要作用。
