Fioco Evandro Marianetti, Palinkas Marcelo, Barbosa Natália de Moraes, Verri Edson Donizetti, Ferreira Luciano Maia Alves, Lattaro Danilo Henrique, Silva Gabriella Simi Gariba, Siéssere Selma, Hallak Regalo Simone Cecilio
Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café, s/n, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-904, Brazil.
Department of Physiotherapy, Claretiano Center University, São Paulo 14300-900, Brazil.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Mar 13;13(3):126. doi: 10.3390/dj13030126.
Physical activity improves quality of life, but competitive sports emphasize performance, leading to intense training and restrictive diets that increase injury risk. This affects the stomatognathic system, underscoring the role of sports dentistry in preventing injuries and orofacial functional changes. This observational study analyzed the stomatognathic system's functionality in male high-intensity athletes (n = 18) compared to a sedentary group (n = 18). Functional parameters were analyzed: electromyographic activity during mandibular tasks, masseter and temporal muscles thickness, and molar bite force. Student's -test was used for analysis. At mandibular rest, male high-performance athletes showed lower electromyographic activity in the right and left masseter muscles, suggesting adaptation to training. During maximum voluntary contraction, activity was higher in the temporal and masseter muscles, especially in the left masseter, indicating hypertrophy. Electromyographic activity increased during protrusion and lateral movements, particularly in the masseter and temporal muscles, demonstrating a greater functional efficiency group of athletes. They also exhibited greater masseter muscle thickness and thinner temporal muscle thickness, with a significant difference in the right masseter muscle at rest. The group of athletes showed greater molar bite force, with significant differences, indicating greater muscle capacity. Sports practice promotes adaptations in the stomatognathic system, improving its functionality.
体育活动能改善生活质量，但竞技运动强调成绩，导致高强度训练和限制性饮食，增加了受伤风险。这会影响口颌系统，凸显了运动牙科在预防损伤和口面部功能改变方面的作用。这项观察性研究分析了男性高强度运动员（n = 18）与久坐组（n = 18）相比口颌系统的功能。分析了功能参数：下颌任务期间的肌电活动、咬肌和颞肌厚度以及磨牙咬合力。采用学生t检验进行分析。在下颌休息时，男性高性能运动员左右咬肌的肌电活动较低，表明对训练有适应性。在最大自主收缩时，颞肌和咬肌的活动较高，尤其是左侧咬肌，表明有肥大现象。在 protrusion 和侧向运动期间，肌电活动增加，尤其是在咬肌和颞肌，表明运动员组功能效率更高。他们还表现出咬肌厚度更大，颞肌厚度更薄，休息时右侧咬肌有显著差异。运动员组表现出更大的磨牙咬合力，有显著差异，表明肌肉能力更强。体育锻炼促进口颌系统的适应性变化，改善其功能。 （注：原文中“protrusion”可能是特定医学术语，这里直接保留英文，若有准确中文对应词可替换）
